Multiobjective Simulation-Based Optimization Based on Artificial Immune Systems for a Distribution Center

Table 3

Performance comparison between the results obtained from the simulation alone and that from the simulation-based optimization approach by using different optimization algorithms (the best results are bolded).

	Cycle Time (the improvement in % compared with the one without optimization)	Workers’ Utilization (the improvement in % compared with the one without optimization)
Simulation without optimization	6788.64 sec	45.04%
Simulation-based optimization with SCMIA	5763.86 sec (15.10%)	65.46% (45.34%)
Simulation-based optimization with MISA	5754.88 sec (15.23%)	63.45% (40.87%)
Simulation-based optimization with NNIA	5672.87 sec (16.44)	62.00% (37.66%)
Simulation-based optimization with NSGA-II	5680.23 sec (16.33%)	62.90% (39.65%)
Simulation-based optimization with SPEA2	5948.53 sec (12.38%)	67.10 (48.76)