An Investigation of the Robustness of Physical and Numerical Vanishing Interfacial Tension Experimentation in Determining CO₂ + Crude Oil Minimum Miscibility Pressure

Table 2

Summary of experimental apparatus, system(s) investigated, IFT measurement methods used, and results obtained in various physical VIT studies reported in the published literature.

Reported physical VIT experimentation study	Experimental apparatus used	System investigated	IFT measurement technique(s) employed	Method(s) used for measuring gas and oil phase densities	Results obtained
Rao [12]	High-pressure high-temperature optical cell	Hydrocarbon gas + live crude oil; hydrocarbon gas + dead crude oil	Pendant drop	Oil and gas: equation of state	MMP, FCMP, MMC
Yang and Gu [28]	See-through windowed high-pressure cell	CO2 + dead crude oil	Pendant drop	Gas: standard property table; Oil: atmospheric dead oil density	FCMP
Ayirala [13]; Ayirala and Rao [14]	High-pressure high-temperature optical cell	CO2 + n-decane; CO2 + live decane	Pendant drop; Capillary rise method	Oil and gas: density meter	MMP
Sequeira [15]; Sequeira et al. [16]	High-pressure high-temperature optical cell	CO2 + live crude oil	Pendant drop; Capillary rise method	Oil and gas: density meter	MMP, FCMP
Nobakht et al. [19]	See-through windowed high-pressure cell	CO2 + dead crude oil	Pendant drop	Gas: equation of state; Oil: atmospheric dead oil density	FCMP
Patil et al. [29]	High-pressure optical cell	CO2, CH4, or viscosity reducing injectant + ANS crude oil	Pendant drop	Oil and gas: equation of state	MMP
Wang et al. [30]	See-through windowed high-pressure cell	CO2 and three different crude oils	Pendant drop	Gas: equation of state; Oil: N/A	The "so-called MMP", the "so-called FCMP"
Saini and Rao [17]	High-pressure high-temperature optical cell	CO2 + live crude oil	Pendant drop; Capillary rise method	Oil and gas: density meter	MMP
Awari-Yusuf [31]		CO2 + dead crude oil	Pendant drop	Gas: equation of state; Oil: Pycnometer	FCMP