HPLC Quantification of Phenolic Acids from Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity

Table 2

Antifungal activity (antifungal index) of the phenolic extracts of V. zizanioides against the fungal strains A. niger, F. oxysporum, and M. phaseolina.

Phenolic fractions	Antifungal index* (%)
	A. niger	F. oxysporum	M. phaseolina
HW	62.86 ± 1.65^ab	64.79 ± 1.49^d	67.11 ± 0.58^c
HM	77.04 ± 0.46^d	60.86 ± 0.66^c	63.40 ± 0.88^bc
NW	60.99 ± 0.98^a	56.38 ± 1.31^b	61.82 ± 1.95^b
NM	81.20 ± 1.28^e	59.89 ± 1.68^bc	75.17 ± 0.91^d
M	64.95 ± 0.81^b	63.05 ± 1.12^cd	71.80 ± 2.61^d
Bavistin	71.26 ± 0.32^c	38.77 ± 1.13^a	52.24 ± 1.05^a

∗Values are mean ± standard error. Means followed by the same letter in a column are not significantly different at 𝑃=0.05 according to analysis of variance and Tukey’s HSD test.
HW: water soluble acidic fraction, HM: methanol soluble acidic fraction, NW: water soluble alkaline fraction, NM: methanol soluble alkaline fraction, and M: 80% methanolic extract.