Microstructural and Mechanical Studies of PVA Doped with ZnO and WO₃ Composites Films

Table 2

Variation of degree of crystallinity as a function of different concentrations of the ZnO and WO₃ as calculated from the X-ray patterns.

Sl. no.	Sample	Percentage of  crystallinity	Average crystallinity  size 𝐷 (nm)	Average intercrystalline  separation 𝑅 (Å)
1	Pure PVA	56.86	2.92	5.70
2	PVA/15% WO3	46.53	24.675	4.77
3	PVA/1% ZnO 14% WO3	38.72	20.726	4.70
4	PVA/5% ZnO 10% WO3	35.51	16.45	4.55
5	PVA/7.5% ZnO 7.5% WO3	32.81	11.048	4.65
6	PVA/10% ZnO 5% WO3	37.46	15.42	4.63
7	PVA/14% ZnO 1% WO3	48.02	14.92	4.79
8	PVA/15% ZnO	45.86	30.18	5.57