A Review of the Wood Pellet Value Chain, Modern Value/Supply Chain Management Approaches, and Value/Supply Chain Models
Table 1
Ranges of EN 14961-2 values for the most crucial wood pellet parameters.
Property
Unit(*)
ENplus-A1
ENplus-A2
EN-B
Testing standard
Diameter
mm
6 or 8
6 or 8
6 or 8
EN 16127
Length
mm
3.15 ≤ L ≤ 40(3)
3.15 ≤ L ≤ 40(3)
3.15 ≤ L ≤ 40 (3)
EN 16127
Moisture content
w-%(1)
≤10
≤10
≤10
EN 14774-1
Ash content
w-%(2)
≤0.7
≤1.5
≤3.0
EN 14775 (550°C)
Mechanical durability
w-%(1)
≥97.5(4)
≥97.5(4)
≥96.5 (4)
EN 15210-1
Fines (<3.15 mm)
w-%(1)
<1
<1
<1
EN 15210-1
Net calorific value
MJ/kg(1)
16.5 ≤ Q ≤ 19
16.3 ≤ Q ≤ 19
16.0 ≤ Q ≤ 19
EN 14918
Bulk density
kg/m3
≥600
≥600
≥600
EN 15103
Nitrogen content
w-%(2)
≤0.3
≤0.5
≤1.0
EN 15104
Sulfur content
w-%(2)
≤0.03
≤0.03
≤0.04
EN 15289
Chlorine content
w-%(2)
≤0.02
≤0.02
≤0.03
EN 15289
Ash melting behaviour4
°C
≥1200
≥1100
≥1100
EN 15370
As received; (2)dry basis; (3)a maximum of 1 w-% of the pellets may be longer than 40 mm; no pellets >45 mm are allowed; (4)deformation temperature; sample preparation at 815°C; (*)w-%: percentage of total pellet mass. Source: [44].
