Measurement of Stigma in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Hanoi, Vietnam: Assessment of a Homosexuality-Related Stigma Scale

Table 4

Correlation between the items of the scales in overall sample (𝑛=451).

Item no.	Enacted homosexual stigma							Perceived homosexual stigma											Internalized homosexual stigma
	1	2	3	4	5	7	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28
1	1.00
2	.15	1.00
3	.39	.45	1.00
4	.29	.56	.73	1.00
5	.23	.41	.26	.51	1.00
7	.38	.38	.46	.57	.23	1.00
9	.17	.41	.64	.66	.34	.47	1.00
10	−.02	.07	.05	.04	.06	.03	−.01	1.00
11	−.06	.04	.00	−.04	.00	−.01	.00	.28	1.00
12	.02	−.04	−.13	−.13	−.02	−.12	−.06	.29	.28	1.00
13	−.05	.01	−.07	−.11	−.03	−.08	−.12	.28	.27	.35	1.00
14	−.09	−.09	−.12	−.𝟏𝟔	−.10	−.12	−.15	.18	.21	.30	.66	1.00
15	−.10	−.08	−.𝟏𝟒	−.𝟏𝟗	−.11	−.15	−.𝟐𝟎	.23	.28	.38	.62	.66	1.00
16	.05	.01	−.13	−.12	.02	−.08	−.07	.23	.21	.41	.40	.36	.38	1.00
17	.00	−.07	−.11	−.13	−.04	−.11	−.11	.24	.27	.32	.44	.53	.53	.38	1.00
18	−.01	.01	−.08	−.17	−.11	−.14	−.09	.08	.06	.18	.28	.19	.20	.34	0.20	1.00
19	−.08	−.𝟏𝟒	−.06	−.𝟏𝟔	−.08	−.10	−.05	.07	.24	.14	.40	.32	.40	.25	0.29	0.38	1.00
20	.10	−.07	−.05	−.13	−.𝟏𝟒	−.06	−.𝟏𝟒	.11	.05	.22	.25	.38	.25	.24	0.19	0.14	0.16	1.00
21	−.𝟏𝟕	−.02	−.02	−.01	−.04	−.07	−.07	.06	.12	.17	.25	.18	.24	.14	.16	.03	.18	.00	1.00
22	−.14	−.03	−.10	−.09	−.03	−.09	−.𝟏𝟓	.08	.10	.13	.16	.08	.15	.18	.19	−.02	.15	−.05	.64	1.00
23	−.03	.12	.04	.16	.17	−.07	.05	.16	.10	.12	.06	.10	.16	.17	.24	−.01	.08	−.03	.38	.38	1.00
24	−.05	.19	.19	.25	.02	.04	.14	−.04	.02	−.05	.13	.04	.00	−.03	.06	.07	.05	−.13	.39	.39	.33	1.00
25	−.𝟏𝟓	.05	−.05	.08	.03	.00	.04	−.01	.08	.07	.08	.04	.11	.02	.07	.03	.06	−.12	.51	.44	.38	.50	1.00
26	.01	.05	.02	.05	.13	−.03	−.04	.08	.11	.05	.18	.11	.14	.16	.15	−.01	.08	.01	.53	.52	.45	.31	.56	1.00
27	.08	.00	−.06	−.06	.12	−.01	−.08	.08	.03	.02	.05	.11	.13	.13	.17	−.04	.04	.03	.14	.19	.27	.16	.19	.26	1.00
28	−.04	.13	.08	.16	.13	.00	.04	.19	.09	.15	.15	.15	.11	.22	.19	.01	.03	−.03	.34	.35	.47	.35	.44	.37	.23	1.00

Note: correlations in bold: P-value < 0.05.