Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases / 2014 / Article / Tab 2 / Research Article
Trichomonas vaginalis Incidence Associated with Hormonal Contraceptive Use and HIV Infection among Women in Rakai, UgandaTable 2 (a) T. vaginalis incidence by demographic and behavioral characteristics (HC or condom use). (b) T. vaginalis incidence by demographic and behavioral characteristics (type of contraception used). (c) T. vaginalis incidence by demographic and behavioral characteristics (consistency of contraceptive use at baseline and follow-up). (d) T. vaginalis incidence by demographic and behavioral characteristics (consistency of HC methods used).
(a)
Incident T. vaginalis
/PY Incidence/100 py Unadj.IRR 95% CI Adj.IRR 95% CI Overall 2374 96/3924.6 2.4 HC use in last 12 months No HC/no condom 1054 45/1733.2 2.60 1.00 1.00 HC 829 24/1366.2 1.8 0.68 (0.41–1.11) 0.71 (0.43–1.17) Condoms only 491 27/825.2 3.3 1.3 (0.78–2.03) 0.98 (0.58–1.67) Age <20 165 11/277.7 4.0 1.00 1.00 20–29 939 40/1566.3 2.6 0.64 (0.33–1.26) 0.71 (0.35–1.44) 30–39 951 37/1565.8 2.4 0.60 (0.30–1.17) 0.58 (0.28–1.18) 40+ 319 8/514.8 1.6 0.39 (0.16–0.98)* 0.29 (0.11–0.74)* Marital status Currently married 1887 69/3106.7 2.2 1.00 Previously married 275 14/459.8 3.0 1.37 (0.77–2.43) Never married 212 13/358.0 3.6 1.63 (0.90–2.96) Education None 102 8/172.3 4.6 1.00 1.00 Primary 1426 67/2359.2 2.8 0.61 (0.29–1.27) 0.64 (0.30–1.34) Secondary or more 846 21/1393.0 1.5 0.32 (0.14–0.73)** 0.32 (0.14–0.74)** Nonmarital sexual partners in last 12 months 0 1835 64/3016.5 2.1 1.00 1.00 1 506 30/851.7 3.5 1.66 (1.07–2.56)** 1.44 (0.89–2.33) 2+ 33 2/56.4 3.5 1.67 (0.41–6.83) 1.28 (0.30–5.41) Social-economic status High 1311 50/2200.8 2.3 1.00 Middle 722 28/1165.4 2.4 1.06 (0.66–1.68) Low 341 18/558.4 3.2 1.42 (0.83–2.43) Nugent score Normal 1093 42/1795.4 2.3 1.00 1.00 Intermediate 339 6/544.2 1.1 0.47 (0.20–1.11) 0.46 (0.20–1.09) BV 942 48/1585.0 3.0 1.29 (0.86–1.96) 1.13 (0.74–1.72) HIV status Negative 2069 69/3387.4 2.0 1.00 1.00 Positive 305 27/537 5.0 2.47 (1.58–3.85)** 2.34 (1.44–3.78)** Syphilis serology Negative 2300 92/3802.6 2.4 1.00 1.00 Positive 74 4/122.0 3.3 1.36 (0.50–3.69) 1.09 (0.39–3.01)
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.(b)
Incident T. vaginalis
/PY Incidence/100 py Unadj.IRR 95% CI Adj.IRR 95% CI Overall 2374 96/3924.6 2.4 HC use in last 12 months No HC/no condom 1054 45/1733.2 2.60 1.00 1.00 DMPA only 664 15/1089.9 1.4 0.53 (0.30–0.95)* 0.54 (0.30–0.98)* COC only 133 5/220.3 2.3 0.87 (0.35–2.20) 1.02 (0.40–2.59) Implants only 32 4/56.0 7.1 2.75 (1.00–7.65)* 3.01 (1.07–8.49)* Condoms only 491 27/825.2 3.3 1.2 (0.78–2.03) 0.97 (0.57–1.64) Age <20 165 11/277.7 4.0 1.00 1.00 20–29 939 40/1566.3 2.6 0.64 (0.33–1.26) 0.70 (0.34–1.43) 30–39 951 37/1565.8 2.4 0.60 (0.30–1.17)* 0.57 (0.30–1.16) 40+ 319 8/514.8 1.6 0.39 (0.16–0.98)** 0.28 (0.11–0.73)** Education None 102 8/172.3 4.6 1.00 1.00 Primary 1426 67/2359.2 2.8 0.610 (0.29–1.27) 0.63 (0.30–1.32) Secondary or more 846 21/1393.0 1.5 0.32 (0.14–0.73)** 0.32 (0.14–0.74)** Nonmarital sexual partners in last 12 months 0 1835 64/3016.5 2.1 1.00 1.00 1 506 30/851.7 3.5 1.66 (1.07–2.56) 1.49 (0.92–2.42) 2+ 33 2/56.4 3.5 1.67 (0.41–6.83) 1.26 (0.30–5.28) Social-economic status High 1311 50/2200.8 2.3 1.00 Middle 722 28/1165.4 2.4 1.06 (0.66–1.68) Low 341 18/558.4 3.2 1.41 (0.83–2.43) Nugent score Normal 1093 42/1795.4 2.3 1.00 1.00 Intermediate 339 6/544.2 1.1 0.47 (0.20–1.11) 0.44 (0.19–1.05) BV 942 48/1585.0 3.0 1.29 (0.86–1.96) 1.10 (0.72–1.69) HIV status Negative 2069 69/3387.4 2.0 1.00 1.00 Positive 305 27/537 5.0 2.40 (1.42–4.08)** 2.38 (1.47–3.86)** Syphilis serology Negative 2300 92/3802.6 2.4 1.00 1.00 Positive 74 4/122.0 3.3 1.36 (0.50–3.69) 1.16 (0.42–3.20)
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.(c)
Incident T. vaginalis
/PY Incidence/100 py Unadj.IRR 95% CI Adj.IRR 95% CI Overall 2374 96/3924.6 2.4 HC use at baseline and follow-up Consistently used no method 653 30/1071.7 2.8 1.00 1.00 Consistently used HC 483 15/789.1 1.9 0.68 (0.36–1.26) 0.73 (0.39–1.40) Initiated HC use at follow-up 244 9/402.7 2.2 0.80 (0.38–1.68) 0.76 (0.36–1.69) Discontinued HC use at follow-up 215 3/350.6 0.86 0.30 (0.09–1.00)* 0.30 (0.09–0.99)* Consistently used condoms 217 12/365.9 3.2 1.17 (0.60–2.29) 0.87 (0.42–1.79) Others 562 27/944.5 2.8 1.02 (0.61–1.71) 0.81 (0.47–1.40) Age <20 165 11/277.7 4.0 1.00 1.00 20–29 939 40/1566.3 2.6 0.64 (0.33–1.26) 0.71 (0.35–1.44) 30–39 951 37/1565.8 2.4 0.60 (0.30–1.17) 0.58 (0.28–1.17) 40+ 319 8/514.8 1.6 0.39 (0.16–0.98)** 0.28 (0.11–0.72)** Education None 102 8/172.3 4.6 1.00 1.00 Primary 1426 67/2359.2 2.8 0.610 (0.29–1.27) 0.68 (0.32–1.43) Secondary or more 846 21/1393.0 1.5 0.32 (0.14–0.73)* 0.34 (0.14–0.78)* Nonmarital sexual partners in last 12 months 0 1835 64/3016.5 2.1 1.00 1.00 1 506 30/851.7 3.5 1.66 (1.07–2.56) 1.47 (0.92–2.36) 2+ 33 2/56.4 3.5 1.67 (0.41–6.83) 1.29 (0.31–5.37) Social-economic status High 1311 50/2200.8 2.3 1.00 Middle 722 28/1165.4 2.4 1.06 (0.66–1.68) Low 341 18/558.4 3.2 1.41 (0.83–2.43) Nugent score Normal 1093 42/1795.4 2.3 1.00 1.00 Intermediate 339 6/544.2 1.1 0.47 (0.20–1.11) 0.46 (0.19–1.08) BV 942 48/1585.0 3.0 1.29 (0.86–1.96) 1.14 (0.74–1.73) HIV Status Negative 2069 69/3387.4 2.0 1.00 1.00 Positive 305 27/537 5.0 2.40 (1.42–4.08)** 2.36 (1.44–3.85)** Syphilis serology Negative 2300 92/3802.6 2.4 1.00 1.00 Positive 74 4/122.0 3.3 1.36 (0.50–3.69) 1.07 (0.39–2.94)
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.(d)
Incident T. vaginalis
/PY Incidence/100 py Unadj.IRR 95% CI Adj.IRR 95% CI Overall 2374 96/3924.6 2.4 HC use at baseline and follow-up Consistently used no method 653 30/1071.7 2.8 1.00 1.00 Consistently used DMPA 359 9/582.9 1.5 0.55 (0.26–1.16) 0.59 (0.28–1.26) Consistently used COCs 50 2/84.2 2.4 0.85 (0.20–3.55) 1.07 (0.25–4.56) Consistently used implants 28 4/49.8 8.0 2.87 (1.01–8.14)* 3.13 (1.08–9.07)* Other categories 1284 51/2135.8 2.4 0.85 (0.54–1.34) 0.70 (0.44–1.13) Age <20 165 11/277.7 4.0 1.00 1.00 20–29 939 40/1566.3 2.6 0.64 (0.33–1.26) 0.65 (0.32–1.31) 30–39 951 37/1565.8 2.4 0.60 (0.30–1.17) 0.52 (0.26–1.06) 40+ 319 8/514.8 1.6 0.39 (0.16–0.98)** 0.26 (0.10–0.67)** Education None 102 8/172.3 4.6 1.00 1.00 Primary 1426 67/2359.2 2.8 0.610 (0.29–1.27) 0.64 (0.30–1.38) Secondary or more 846 21/1393.0 1.5 0.32 (0.14–0.73) 0.34 (0.14–0.78)* Nonmarital sexual partners in last 12 months 0 1835 64/3016.5 2.1 1.00 1.00 1 506 30/851.7 3.5 1.66 (1.07–2.56) 1.61 (1.01–2.55)* 2+ 33 2/56.4 3.5 1.67 (0.41–6.83) 1.40 (0.33–5.77) Social-economic status High 1311 50/2200.8 2.3 1.00 Middle 722 28/1165.4 2.4 1.06 (0.66–1.68) Low 341 18/558.4 3.2 1.41 (0.83–2.43) Nugent score Normal 1093 42/1795.4 2.3 1.00 1.00 Intermediate 339 6/544.2 1.1 0.47 (0.20–1.11) 0.45 (0.19–1.06) BV 942 48/1585.0 3.0 1.29 (0.86–1.96) 1.09 (0.71–1.66) HIV status Negative 2069 69/3387.4 2.0 1.00 1.00 Positive 305 27/537 5.0 2.40 (1.42–4.08) 2.52 (1.56–4.08)** Syphilis serology Negative 2300 92/3802.6 2.4 1.00 1.00 Positive 74 4/122.0 3.3 1.36 (0.50–3.69) 1.07 (0.39–2.95)
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