A Theory of Reliance on Individuating Information and Stereotypes in Implicit Judgments of Individuals and Social Groups

Table 1

Summary of sample characteristics.

Study characteristics	Study 1	Study 2	Study 3	Study 4
Sample	Students	Students	Students	Students
Initial sample size	131	166	207	316
^#Black, biracial, or race not specified students excluded	N/A (not collected)	7	15	30
^#Of fast IAT responders excluded [34]	3	3	2	6
^#Excluded due to failed manipulation checks	0	0	N/A	68
^#Suspicious or not following instructions excluded	0	0	0	0
^#Of random deletions to adhere to IRB protocol^a	N/A	N/A	26	46
Final sample size	128	156	165	165
Age	M = 19.03	M = 18.93	M = 18.59	M = 20.53
Race/ethnicity	Asian/Asian American: 76	Asian/Asian American: 75	Asian/Asian American: 86	White: 91
	White: 36	White: 58	White: 55	Asian/Asian American: 45
	Latinx/Hispanic: 12	Latinx/Hispanic: 19	Latinx/Hispanic: 16	Latinx/Hispanic: 26
	Identify with another race: 4	Identify with another race: 4	Identify with another race: 8	Identify with another race: 3
Gender	Women: 82	Men: 81	Women: 120	Women: 136
	Men: 45	Women: 74	Men: 44	Men: 29
			Identify with another gender: 1

M = mean; SD = standard deviation. ^a The researchers collected more data than the maximum specified by the IRB due to an oversight, so the IRB required data to be deleted and destroyed until the approved sample size was reached. To randomly delete data, a random number generator generated subject numbers from the data file, and the corresponding participants were deleted from the data file. For Study 3, the patterns of results were the same when the sample size was N = 191 as when it was N = 165 with one exception, which will be noted in a footnote. The randomly deleted participants came from the following conditions: 6 from the individual targets with irrelevant, nonsocial information condition; 7 from the individual targets with counterstereotypic individuating information condition; 7 from the group target with irrelevant, nonsocial information condition; and 6 from the group target with counterstereotypic information condition. For Study 4, as a result of the randomized deletions, data from a total of 17 participants from the irrelevant, nonsocial information condition; 14 participants from the 2 pairs of exemplar condition; and 15 participants from the 4 pairs of exemplar condition were removed.