Global Epidemiology of Invasive Haemophilus influenzae Type a Disease: Do We Need a New Vaccine?

Table 2

Reported Hia carriage in Papua New Guinea and Australia.

Geographical area/population	Time	Number of reported noninvasive Hia isolates	Carriage rate	Comments	Reference
Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea children <5 years	1978–1988	16 out of 209 (7.6%) H. influenzae isolates from nose	Not reported	Laboratory-based surveillance	Gratten and Montgomery, 1991 [54]
Papua New Guinea	March 1980–January 1983	43/505 of H. influenzae isolates from the upper respiratory tract of children <5 years	Not reported	Laboratory study of H. influenzae isolates from the upper respiratory tract of well children, children with pneumonia, and healthy adults	Gratten et al., 1984 [89]
Central Australia Aboriginal children	May 1990–August 1991	Hia is found in 6 out of 254 (2.4%) H. influenzae isolates from nasopharyngeal aspirates of children aged 1 month–12 years	Not reported	Study of carriage in Aboriginal children hospitalized with ALRI in Alice Springs	Gratten et al., 1994 [90]