Sugar Mill Effluent Utilization in the Cultivation of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Two Seasons
Table 1
Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of R.B.N.S. sugar mill effluent.
Parameter
0 (BWW)a
Sugar mill effluent concentration (%)
bBIS for irrigation water
20
40
60
80
100
TDS (mg L−1)
198.50
1456.00**
2948.00**
4368.00**
5676.00**
6182.00**
1900
Turbidity (NTU)
4.46
13.68*
18.88**
24.67**
30.98**
34.67**
10
EC (dS cm−1)
0.34
2.68*
4.76*
6.89**
8.96**
9.85**
—c
pH
7.50
7.78ns
7.87ns
7.98ns
8.82*
8.98*
5.5–9.0
DO (mg L−1)
8.24
4.89*
3.78*
2.56**
2.34**
1.23**
—
BOD (mg L−1)
3.83
184.36**
368.89**
779.68**
1238.96**
1637.58**
100
COD (mg L−1)
5.88
235.68**
576.45**
1138.78**
1699.78**
2267.96**
250
CL− (mg L−1)
15.68
148.52**
339.84**
658.47**
947.58**
1249.82**
500
(mg L−1)
282.00
313.15*
337.14*
379.48*
518.23**
669.86**
—
(mg L−1)
105.75
137.47*
178.85*
199.69*
216.36**
249.59**
—
Na+ (mg L−1)
9.65
35.36**
84.25**
148.71**
219.58**
288.96**
—
K
+
(mg L−1)
5.54
46.58**
98.67**
189.47**
278.37**
359.82**
—
Ca2+ (mg L−1)
23.46
113.26*
258.93*
454.45**
662.39**
852.79**
200
Mg2+ (mg L−1)
12.15
34.64*
69.46*
112.58**
158.96**
197.95**
—
TKN (mg L−1)
24.27
44.54*
65.88*
96.37**
118.24**
149.78**
100
(mg L−1)
25.17
104.74*
236.55*
422.87**
495.64**
788.88**
100
(mg L−1)
0.04
32.44**
73.69**
146.57**
219.78**
296.89**
—
(mg L−1)
17.64
114.12*
252.36*
464.85**
684.36**
892.77**
1000
Fe3+ (mg L−1)
0.28
7.36**
14.86**
21.48**
28.44**
34.68**
1.0
Zn2+ (mg L−1)
0.06
4.79**
9.84**
13.78**
18.98**
22.36**
15
Cd2+ (mg L−1)
0.01
1.86**
3.12**
5.24**
6.48
8.36**
2.00
Cu2+ (mg L−1)
0.04
1.55**
2.98**
4.99**
6.78**
8.96**
3.00
Mn2+ (mg L−1)
0.02
4.45**
7.98**
9.25**
11.22**
16.48**
1.00
Cr3+ (mg L−1)
0.01
0.28**
0.59**
1.26**
1.45**
1.67**
2.00
SPC (SPC mL−1)
10000
Total coliforms (MPN100 mL−1)
5000
ns, , : nonsignificant or significant at ≤ 0.05 or ≤ 0.01, respectively, least squares means. BWW: well water control.
bBIS: Bureau of Indian standard.
c“—”: not given in standard.
