Overview of the WEEE Directive and Its Implementation in the Nordic Countries: National Realisations and Best Practices

Table 4

The overview of national WEEE recovery systems in Finland, Sweden, and Norway.

Characteristic	Finland	Sweden	Norway
Legislation	Directive 2002/96/EC implemented in 2004, no exemptions.; Finnish Waste Act revised in 2011 and amended in 2014 to comply with the Directive 2012/19/EU [41].	Law of producer responsibility for EE products into force 2001, revised in 2005 to comply with the Directive 2002/96/EC. Amended in 2014 to comply with the Directive 2012/19/EU [42].	Law of scrapped EE products into force 1998, amended in 2006 and 2013 to comply to the requirements of the Directives 2002/96/EC and 2012/19/EU. The definition of WEEE is broader than in EU [43].
Financing method	Recycling fee included in the EEE prices [44].	Recycling fee included to the EEE prices [42].	Recycling fee included to the EEE prices [43].
Launch of the separate collection	2004, in consequence of the WEEE Directive [13].	2002 [32].	1999 [40].
Operators	5 producer associations [45]: (i) FLIP ry,; (ii) ICT-tuottajaosuuskunta,; (iii) SELT ry,; (iv) SERTY ry,; (v) ERP Finland ry; (Elker Ltd. is founded by Flip, ICT and SELT).	2 collective take-back and financing systems [32]: (i) El-Kretsen (municipal collection points and B2B collection),; (ii) EÅF (in-store collection).	5 collectively financed take-back companies [37]: (i) Elretur AS (only C2B),; (ii) RENAS AS (only B2B),; (iii) Elsirk AS,,; (iv) ERP Norge AS,; (v) Eurovironment AS.
Collected amounts of WEEE	9.5 kg/inhab./year (in 2010) [46].	17.2 kg/inhab./year; (in 2010) [46].	28.0 kg/inhab./year; (22.0 kg/inhab./year in compliance with Directive 2002/96/EC) (in 2010), [40, 46].