Review Article

Human Hair “Waste” and Its Utilization: Gaps and Possibilities

Table 4

Key attributes of various human hair uses.

UseKind of hair requiredKnowledge/Skills/Technology requiredaPost-Consumer reusability/recyclabilitybPotential users/marketsNature of market

Wigs, Hair extensions, and so forthLong, undamagedKSType 2 Fashion-conscious individuals, patients suffering hair lossHigh value,
high volume

Soil nutrient (without chemical processing)Any kind, without toxic contamination KType 1Farmers, gardeners, and households having garden/potted plants Low value,
high volume, and
high need

Soil nutrient (chemically decomposed hair)Any kind, without toxic contamination KST Type 1Farmers, gardeners, and households having garden/potted plants Low value,
high volume, and
high need

Pest repellentAny kindKType 1 because decays in nature eventuallyFarmers, gardeners, and households having garden/potted plantsLow value,
high volume, and
high need

Stuffing of mattresses, coats, toys, and so forthAny kind, except very small ones (<1 inch)KType 1Furniture makers, toy makers, artists, and so forth Low value,
high volume, and
high need

Hair fabric, interlining cloth, and feltAny kind except small ones (<2 inch)KS Type 2Coat tailors, garment enterprises, artists, and producers of matsMedium/high value,
low volume

RopesAny kind except small ones (<2 inch)KS Type 2AnyoneMedium value,
low volume

Hair embroidery, hairworkLong, smooth hairKSType 2;
Type 3, if hair embedded in a resin
Artists, religious institutions, art connoisseurs, home decoratorsHigh value,
medium volume

Suturing in surgeryLong, undamaged hair of medium thicknessKS Type 1 if decomposed along with biomedical wasteMedical personnelMedium/high value, low volume

Reinforcement of construction materialsAny kindKType 1, clay reinforcement;
Type 3, concrete reinforcement
Households, architects, designers, and construction workersLow value,
high volume, and
high need

Oil spill remediation, effluent water treatmentAny kind, except very small (<1 inch)KType 1 if coupled with mushroom growing and composting and without toxic contaminationPetroleum industry, oil refineries, sewage treatment, and water supply departmentsLow value,
high volume, and
high need

Hair-hydrolyzed proteinAny kindKSTType 1Hair care industryHigh value,
low volume

Extracting amino acidsAny kind except contaminated and chemically treated hairKSTType 1Agriculture, food processing, and pharmaceutical industries Medium/low value,
high volume

Traditional MedicineUncontaminated, undamaged hairKSType 1Traditional medicine practitioners, patientsLow value,
low volume, and
high need

Testing material for hair care productsAll kindsAccording to the experimentsType 3Hair care industryMedium value,
low volume

Cosmetic brushesUndamaged hairKSTType 3Fashion conscious people (mostly women), theatre personnelMedium value,
low volume

Hair hygroscopeLong, undamaged hair (>12 inch)KSTType 2Meteorologist, Scientific institutionsMedium value,
low volume

Nesting material for birdsAny kind but ~3 inch or smallerKType 1 as it decay in nature eventuallyEnvironmentalists, horticulturists, and gardenersLow value,
low volume

Removing dyes, other pollutantsAny kindKSTType 3 Industries having effluents, pollution control organizationsLow value,
high volume

Board and furnitureAny kindKSTType 3, compostable if resin is biodegradableFurniture makers, fabric shops for mannequinsMedium value,
high volume

Engineering biomaterialsAny kind, uncontaminatedKSTType 1Medical doctors, researchersHigh value,
low volume

Composites as dielectricAny kindKSTType 3Electrical power sector, scientific institutions High value,
low volume

Flexible microelectrodesAny kind, except small (<1 inch)KSTType 2Scientific InstitutionsHigh value,
low volume

Based on Section 6.1.
bBased on Section 5.2.