Effect of Perioperative β-Blockers on Pulmonary Complications among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Undergoing Lung Resection Surgery

Table 4

Clinical predictors of COPD exacerbations.

Variable	Univariate; odds ratio	Univariate; value	Multivariate; odds ratio	Multivariate; value
Age >60 years	3.06 (1.06–12.95)	0.04	2.50 (0.84–10.72)	0.11
Male sex	1.42 (0.69–2.99)	0.34
Perioperative -blocker given	0.84 (0.38–1.77)	0.65
FEV1% <50	4.62 (1.83–10.77)	0.00	2.64 (0.87–7.38)	0.08
DLCO% <50	4.39 (1.82–9.90)	0.00	2.83 (0.98–7.57)	0.05
Asthma	1.79 (0.28–6.63)	0.48
Cardiac disease history	1.71 (0.82–3.68)	0.15	1.69 (0.79–3.76)	0.18
Chronic renal insufficiency	1.99 (0.11–11.36)	0.56
Diabetes mellitus	0.96 (0.22–2.83)	0.94
Smoking within six months	1.18 (0.55–2.45)	0.66
Extent of lung resection
Sublobectomy (referent)	1.00 (—)	—
Lobectomy	0.97 (0.43–2.40)	0.95
Bilobectomy/pneumonectomy	0.84 (0.18–3.03)	0.80