Usefulness of Ki-67, Mitoses, and Tumor Size for Predicting Metastasis in Carcinoid Tumors of the Lung: A Study of 48 Cases at a Tertiary Care Centre in Canada

Table 2

Relationship between various clinical and pathologic factors and metastasis.

	Metastasis		Sensitivity	Specificity	OR
	Absent ()	Present ()	(%)	(%)	(95% CI)
Carcinoid type
Typical^γ	34	3	57.1	82.9	6.48	0.039
Atypical	7	4			(1.18, 35.58)
Size, cm
<3^γ	29	2	71.4	70.7	6.04	0.080
≥3	12	5			(1.03, 35.54)
Mitosis
<2.00^γ	36	3	57.1	87.8	9.60	0.017
≥2.00	5	4			(1.64, 56.09)
Ki67 (MCM)
<0.50^γ	13	0	100.0	31.7	—	0.166
≥0.50	28	7
Ki67 (CIAM)
<0.50^γ	21	1	85.7	51.2	0.16	0.106
≥0.50	20	6			(0.02, 1.44)
Mitosis ≥2 and Ki67 (CIAM) ≥0.50
No^γ	38	4	42.9	92.7	9.50	0.033
Yes	3	3			(1.42, 63.72)
Size ≥3 and Ki67 (CIAM) ≥0.50
No^γ	34	3	57.1	82.9	6.48	0.039
Yes	7	4			(1.18, 35.58)
Mitosis ≥2 and size ≥3
No^γ	39	4	42.9	95.1	14.62	0.018
Yes	2	3			(1.86, 115.19)

MCM: manual conventional method; CIAM: computer image analysis method; OR: odd ratio; CI: confidence interval.
^γThe reference category for calculation of sensitivity, specificity, and odd ratios.
^ΨStatistical comparisons made using Fisher’s exact two-tailed test.