RASSF Signalling and DNA Damage: Monitoring the Integrity of the Genome?

Figure 2

Cartoon depicting DNA damage activated pathways downstream of RASSF family members. RASSF family members, activated by DNA damage, signal through various intermediates (primary interaction: light blue and green [involving RASSF1C or RASSF7]; secondary: orange and tertiary: red) to activate p53, p73, and caspases (purple) to control apoptosis, genome stability, and senescence. Feedback loops exist from caspases and p53 that further activate the pathways and amplify the signal. RASSF1A can also directly sequester MDM2 leading to p53 activation. RASSF1C can transfer DNA damage signals from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by activating JNK signalling. RASSF7 acts as an oncogene inhibiting the activation of JNK.