| | Reference | Stem cell marker | Cancer cell lines studied |
| | Barth et al., 2004 [35] | CD34, CD117 (receptor of stem cell factor, SCF) | Oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx (stromal fibrocytes) | | Kojc et al., 2005 [36] |
CD34, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) | Larynx | | Tan et al., 2006 [37] | Stem cell factor | Nasopharynx (plasma) | | Prince et al., 2007 [32] | CD44, BMI 1 | HNSCC generated in immunodeficient mouse model | | Zhou et al., 2007 [38] | CD133 | HNSCC cell lines (hep-2) | | Pries et al., 2008 [39] | CD44 | Hypopharynx, larynx, and oropharynx | | Chiou et al., 2008 [40] | Oct-4, Nanog, and CD133 | Oral squamous cell carcinoma stem like cells | | Chen et al., 2009 [41] | Bmi-1 1, Pakt (+) CD133, CD44, Nanog, and Oct-4 (−) | Tongue (SASVO3) | | Chen et al., 2009 [34] | Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH) | Immunodeficient mouse model | |
Y. Wu and P. Y. Wu, 2009 [42] | CD133 | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma | | Krishnamurthy et al., 2010 [43] | Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
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