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| PSMA radiotracer | Compound structure | Radionuclide synthesis | Radionuclide half-life (hours) | Positron range (mm) | Tracer excretion | Critical organ(s) | Brain uptake | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|
| 68Ga-PSMA-11 (HBED-CC) [27, 29] | Small molecule | Ga generator | 1.1 | 8.9 | Renal | Bladder wall
Kidney | No | (i) High affinity for PSMA-expressing tumors
(ii) Rapid blood clearance, low liver uptake | (i) Decreased resolution because of longer photon range
(ii) Uptake in salivary glands |
| 68Ga-PSMA-617 28, 30 | Small molecule | Ga generator | 1.1 | 8.9 | Renal | Bladder wall
Kidney | No | (i) Potential theranostic pairing with 177Lu, 255Ac, or 99Y | (i) Decreased resolution because of longer photon range
(ii) Uptake in salivary glands |
| 68Ga-PSMA-I&T 27, 28, 30 | Small molecule | Ga generator | 1.1 | 8.9 | Renal | Bladder wall
Kidney | No | (i) High affinity for PSMA-expressing tumors
(ii) Potential theranostic pairing with 177Lu or 255Ac | (i) Decreased resolution because of longer photon range
(ii) Uptake in salivary glands |
| 68Ga-THP-PSMA [27, 28, 30] | Small molecule | Ga generator | 1.1 | 8.9 | Renal | Bladder wall
Kidney | No | (i) Production can be done as a one-step process using a kit | (i) Decreased resolution because of longer photon range |
| 18F-DCFPyL [27, 30, 31] | Small molecule | Cyclotron | 1.8 | 0.6 | Renal | Bladder wall
Kidney | No | (i) Better resolution because of shorter photon range
(ii) Higher binding affinity for PSMA | (i) Significant salivary gland accumulation |
| 18F-PSMA-1007 27, 30, 31 | Small molecule | Cyclotron | 1.8 | 0.6 | Hepatobiliary | Gallbladder
Liver | No | (i) Better resolution because of shorter photon range | (i) Significant salivary gland accumulation |
| 18F-DCFBC [27, 30, 32] | Small molecule | Cyclotron | 1.8 | 0.6 | Renal | Bladder wall
Kidney | No | (i) Better resolution because of shorter photon range | (i) Significant salivary gland accumulation
(ii) High blood pool activity |
| 64Cu-PSMA [27, 33, 36] | Antibody | Cyclotron | 12.7 | 0.6 | Biliary | Large intestine
Liver
Pancreas | No | (i) Potential theranostic pairing with 67Cu | (i) Low percentage of positron emission |
| 124I-MIP-1095 30, 34 | Small molecule | Cyclotron | 100.8 | 3.4 | Hepatobiliary | Kidney
Liver
Salivary gland | No | (i) Potential theranostic pairing with 131I | (i) Access to I124 is challenging |
| 89Zr-Df-IAB2M [35, 36] | Antibody | Cyclotron | 78.4 | 1.2 | Hepatobiliary | Kidney
Liver | No | (i) Unknown | (i) Little clinical experience |
| 99mTc-PSMA [37, 87] | Small molecule | Tc generator | 6 | n/a | Renal | Kidney
Liver | No | (i) SPECT more readily available than PET | (i) Little clinical experience
(ii) SPECT lesser resolution and less sensitive than PET |
| 99m Tc-MIP-1404 27, 38 | Small molecule | Tc generator | 6 | n/a | Renal | Kidney
Liver
Salivary gland | No | (i) SPECT more readily available than PET | (i) Little clinical experience
(ii) SPECT lesser resolution and less sensitive than PET |
| 99m Tc-MIP-1405 27, 39 | Small molecule | Tc generator | 6 | n/a | Renal | Kidney
Liver
Salivary gland | No | (i) SPECT more readily available than PET | (i) Little clinical experience
(ii) SPECT lesser resolution and less sensitive than PET |
| 99m Tc-MIP-I&S 40, 87 | Small molecule | Tc generator | 6 | n/a | Renal
Hepatobiliary | Kidney
Spleen | No | (i) SPECT more readily available than PET
(ii) Potential use in targeted surgery | (i) Little clinical experience
(ii) SPECT lesser resolution and less sensitive than PET |
| 99m Tc-EDDA/HYNIC-iPSMA [41, 88] | Small molecule | Tc generator | 6 | n/a | Renal | Kidney
Salivary gland | No | (i) SPECT more readily available than PET | (i) Little clinical experience
(ii) SPECT lesser resolution and less sensitive than PET |
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