Artesunate Exerts a Direct Effect on Endothelial Cell Activation and NF-B Translocation in a Mechanism Independent of Plasmodium Killing
Figure 5
NF-κB translocation into the nucleus of pRBC-stimulated t.End.1 vascular endothelial cells. t.End.1 cells were pretreated or not with artesunate (300 ng/mL) and stimulated with RBCs or pRBCs as described in the Material and Methods section. Translocation of p65 NF-κB was observed by laser scanning confocal microscopy and measured as fluorescence intensity in endothelial cell nucleus. These images are representative of five different fields. The results are expressed as the mean ± S.E.M. from at least five different fields per group from two different experiments. Statistically significant differences () between the control and pRBC groups are indicated by +, and significant differences between pRBCs and pRBCs cultured with t.End.1 pretreated with artesunate are indicated by *.
