Differential Activation of Fetal Hofbauer Cells in Primigravidas Is Associated with Decreased Birth Weight in Symptomatic Placental Malaria

Table 1

Patient characteristics and perinatal outcomes.

	Uninfected	Malaria	p
	n=17	n=17
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Maternal age (years)	28.2 ± 6.2	24.5 ± 4.4	0.055
Gestational age (weeks)	37.5 ± 1.5	37.6 ± 1.3	0.807
Birth weight (grams)	2938 ± 464	2771 ± 538	0.340
	n (%)	n (%)	OR (95% CI, p)
Gravidity
Primigravida	3 (18%)	9 (53%)
Multigravida	14 (82%)	8 (47%)	0.2 (0.0-0.9, 0.038)
Preterm labor (<37w)	6 (35%)	3 (18%)	0.4 (0.1-1.9, 0.251)
Low birth weight (<2500g)	1 (6%)	6 (35%)	8.7 (0.9-88.0, 0.059)
Small for gestational age (<10%)	3 (18%)	8 (47%)	4.2 (0.9-19.9, 0.076)

Statistical analysis was performed using Welch’s t test (continuous variables) or logistic regression (noncontinuous variables). Confidence intervals that do not overlap the null value of OR=1 are shown in bold.
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.