Sex Differences and the Impact of Chronic Stress and Recovery on Instrumental Learning

<div>It shows escape shaping for aversive transfer (a) and aversive-only (b) animals for control (gray), stressed (black), and recovered (checkered) animals. There were no significant effects on escape shaping for any transfer animal. There was a main effect of sex for the AV-only animals. Males took longer to reach the escape criterion than females.</div>

Neuroscience Journal

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Figure 4

Figure 4: Sex Differences and the Impact of Chronic Stress and Recovery on Instrumental Learning 