Cytolethal Distending Toxin: A Unique Variation on the AB Toxin Paradigm

Table 2

The cytolethal distending toxin subfamily of AB toxins.

Source^a	Habitat	Associated affliction or disease^b	Cell receptor
Escherichia coli^c
Cdt-I (EPEC)	Lower intestine	Gastroenteritis	Terminal β-D-galactopyranoside glycoprotein/TMEM181
Cdt-II (EPEC)	Lower intestine	Gastroenteritis
Cdt-III (septicemia)	Blood	Septicemia
Cdt-IV (pVir)	Lower intestine	Gastroenteritis/urinary tract infection
Cdt-V (STEC)	Lower intestine	Gastroenteritis
Campylobacter sp.	Lower intestine	Gastroenteritis	Unknown
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi	Lower intestine	Typhoid fever	Unknown
Shigella dysenteriae/Shigella boydii	Lower intestine	Dysentery	Unknown
Providencia alcalifaciens	Lower intestine	Gastroenteritis	Unknown
Helicobacter sp.	Stomach/liver	Duodenal ulcers/stomach cancer/chronic hepatitis	Unknown
Haemophilus ducreyi	Genitalia	Chancroid	Unknown
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans	Oral cavity	Localized aggressive and possibly chronic periodontitis/infectious endocarditis	GM3 (also possibly GM1 and GM2)
bacteriophage	Hamiltonella defensa	Aphid symbiont	Not applicable

All facultative or microaerophilic Gram-negative species.
^bAll diseases involving a mucosal or epithelial layer.
^cEPEC: enteropathogenic E. coli; STEC: Shiga toxigenic E. coli; pVir: conjugative E. coli plasmid.