Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index Influence the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Children: A Mediation Analysis Using the TEDDY Cohort

Table 1

Descriptive characteristics for the study population consisting of islet autoantibody negative children in the TEDDY study (n = 5,084).

Baseline demographics	N (%)
Country
United States	1996 (39)
Finland	1107 (22)
Germany	243 (5)
Sweden	1738 (34)
HLA genotype
DR3/DR4	1975 (39)
DR4/DR4	1007 (20)
DR4/DR8	846 (17)
DR3/DR3	1076 (21)
Other	180 (4)
Female sex (yes)	2487 (49)
First-degree relative with T1D (yes)	629 (12)
Dietary intake and anthropometric data	2 years	3 years	4 years	5 years	6 years	7 years	8 years
	Median (IQR)
Total energy intake (kcal/day)	1077 (938–1238)	1159 (1005–1338)	1235 (1065–1426)	1308 (1134–1512)	1384 (1185–1601)	1449 (1234–1679)	1501 (1271–1763)
Energy intake, protein (kcal/day)	169 (140–202)	179 (147–213)	188 (155–223)	198 (164–235)	208 (172–247)	217 (179–259)	225 (185–270)
Energy intake, fat (kcal/day)	349 (285–423)	370 (302–450)	399 (326–483)	425 (347–516)	451 (368–547)	475 (384–579)	501 (404–615)
Energy intake, carbohydrates (kcal/day)	546 (469–643)	599 (508–703)	637 (542–746)	675 (569–796)	709 (593–833)	741 (617–874)	758 (629–908)
Percentage of energy from protein (%)	15.7 (13.9–17.6)	15.4 (13.5–17.4)	15.2 (13.4–17.1)	15.1 (13.2–17.1)	15.1 (13.2–17.1)	15.1 (13.2–17.1)	15.1 (13.3–17.1)
Percent of energy from fat (%)	32.6 (28.5–36.8)	32.2 (28.4–35.9)	32.4 (28.6–36.3)	32.6 (28.9–36.6)	32.9 (29.1–36.6)	33.0 (29.4–36.7)	33.5 (29.8–37.4)
Percent of energy from carbohydrates (%)	51.3 (46.9–55.7)	52.2 (47.9–56.3)	52.1 (47.8–56.2)	51.8 (47.6–56.0)	51.7 (47.5–55.7)	51.5 (47.3–55.6)	51.1 (46.8–55.2)
BMI (z-score)	0.15 (−0.53–0.77)	0.27 (−0.42–0.91)	0.33 (−0.36–0.96)	0.32 (−0.36–0.94)	0.27 (−0.36–0.90)	0.23 (−0.41–0.88)	0.21 (−0.44–0.89)