Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index Influence the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Children: A Mediation Analysis Using the TEDDY Cohort

Table 2

Estimates (95% confidence interval) for total effect, direct effect, and indirect effect for islet autoantibody development (outcome) in TEDDY children (n = 5,084), using BMI z-score as the mediator in all analyses.

Exposure variable	Outcome	Total effect	Direct effect	Indirect effect
		Estimates (95% CI)
Total energy intake (kcal)	IA positivity (≥1)	0.89 (−1.43, 2.20)	0.76 (−1.63, 2.20)	0.13 (0.05, 0.21)
	IAA	−0.25 (−2.47, 1.87)	−0.39 (−2.49, 1.84)	0.14 (0.00, 0.20)
	GADA	1.15 (−0.48, 2.28)	1.03 (−0.55, 2.22)	0.12 (−0.01, 0.26)
Energy intake from protein (kcal)	IA positivity (≥1)	0.83 (−0.41, 1.45)	0.78 (−0.47, 1.41)	0.06 (0.02, 0.11)
	IAA	−0.09 (−1.31, 0.91)	−0.08 (−1.31, 0.87)	0.04 (−0.03, 0.12)
	GADA	1.14 (0.36, 1.56)	1.09 (0.35, 1.56)	0.06 (−0.03, 0.14)
Energy intake from fat (kcal)	IA positivity (≥1)	0.22 (−0.32, 0.54)	0.19 (−0.35, 0.53)	0.03 (0.01, 0.05)
	IAA	−0.06 (−0.61, 0.38)	−0.10 (−0.64, 0.38)	0.05 (−0.04, 0.08)
	GADA	0.27 (−0.21, 0.54)	0.26 (−0.29, 0.56)	0.01 (−0.05, 0.09)
Energy intake from carbohydrates (kcal)	IA positivity (≥1)	0.06 (−0.41, 0.29)	0.04 (−0.44, 0.28)	0.02 (0.00, 0.04)
	IAA	−0.07 (−0.48, 0.24)	−0.06 (−0.51, 0.25)	0.03 (−0.03, 0.16)
	GADA	−0.01 (−0.30, 0.22)	−0.02 (−0.35, 0.24)	0.01 (−0.05, 0.09)

The bold values represent the 95% confidence intervals not going through 0 which are considered as significant effect.