Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children and Adolescents with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes

Figure 1

Random-effects meta-analysis of the risk of type 1 diabetes in the pandemic vs. the prepandemic period or in pandemic cohorts with COVID-19 vs. pandemic or prepandemic cohorts without COVID-19 or other respiratory infections. τ²: between-study variance, H²: statistic of between-study heterogeneity (=1/(1−I2)), Q, p: Cochran’s Q statistic for testing heterogeneity between studies and corresponding value, z, p: z-statistic for testing the hypothesis of a zero pooled effect and corresponding value, and Q_b, p: test statistic for testing between group differences of the pooled effect and corresponding value I²: statistic of between study heterogeneity.