High Prevalence of A⁻β⁺ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes in Children with Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diagnosis: Evidence from the Rare and Atypical Diabetes Network (RADIANT)

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of the entire cohort (n = 716) and subgroups (those with DKA at diabetes diagnosis (n = 56) vs. not (n = 660)).

	(n)	Entire cohort (n = 716)	DKA at diagnosis (n = 56)	No DKA at diagnosis (n = 660)	p-Value (DKA vs. no DKA)
Age^i (years), median (Q1–Q3)	716	13.7 (12–15.5)	14.6 (12.5–16.3)	13.6 (11.9–15.4)	0.01
Sex, n (%)	716	—	—	—	—
Female	—	449 (63%)	22 (39%)	427 (65%)	<0.001
Male	—	267 (37%)	34 (61%)	233 (35%)
Race/ethnicity, n (%)	702	—	—	—	0.094
Non-Hispanic White	—	64 (9%)	3 (5%)	61 (9%)
Hispanic	—	411 (59%)	26 (47%)	385 (60%)
African American/Black	—	205 (29%)	25 (45%)	180 (28%)
Asian/other	—	22 (3%)	1 (2%)	21 (3%)
African American/Black, n (%)	702	—	—	—	0.006
Yes	—	205 (29%)	25 (45%)	180 (28%)
No	—	497 (71%)	30 (55%)	467 (72%)
Tanner stage, n (%)	375	—	—	—	0.44
1	—	34 (9%)	1 (4%)	33 (9%)	—
2	—	40 (11%)	4 (17%)	36 (10%)	—
3	—	74 (20%)	5 (21%)	69 (20%)	—
4	—	87 (23%)	8 (33%)	79 (23%)	—
5	—	140 (37%)	6 (25%)	134 (38%)	—
HbA1c^i (%), median (Q1–Q3)	632	9.5 (7.2–11.8)	12.2 (11.3–13.1)	9.1 (7.1–11.4)	<0.001
Acanthosis nigricans^i, n (%)	632	580 (92%)	51 (100%)	529 (91%)	0.027
Random C-peptide^i (ng/mL), median (Q1–Q3)	470	3 (1.8–4.9)	1.2 (0.8–1.7)	3.2 (2.1–5.2)	<0.001
Glucose^i (mg/dL), median (Q1–Q3)	623	234 (158–299)	317 (257–428)	228 (153–294)	<0.001
BMI Percentile^ii (%ile), median (Q1–Q3)	707	99 (98–99.5)	99.1 (98.5–99.6)	99 (98–99.5)	0.021
BMI z-score^ii, median (Q1–Q3)	707	2.34 (2.01–2.58)	2.44 (2.17–2.65)	2.33 (2.01–2.57)	0.032
HbA1c at last visit (%), median (Q1–Q3)	717	7.6 (6.2–10.5)	6.3 (5.7–8.3)	7.7 (6.3–10.6)	<0.001

ⁱAt diagnosis, ⁱⁱat first office visit.