Review Article
Molecular Characteristics of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Table 1
Most commonly affected genes in PDAC.
| Type | Gene | Cellular function | Affected in PDAC |
| Tumor suppressor genes | CDKN2A/p16 | G1-S phase cell cycle inhibition | 95% | SMAD4 | TGFβ | 55% | TP53 | Cell-cycle arrest | 75% |
| Oncogenes | KRAS2 | ERK-MAPkinase signaling | >90% | CyclinD | Cell cycle progression | 65% | BRAF | ERK-MAPkinase signaling | 5% |
| Genome maintenance genes | MLH1/MSH2 | DNA damage (mismatch) repair | 4% | BRCA2 | DNA damage repair | 7–10% |
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