Salivary and Urinary Total Antioxidant Capacity as Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Humans

Table 2

Systemic diseases.

References	Case-control studies	Salivary TAC; percentage ()	Urinary TAC; percentage ()	Treatment effect; percentage ()
[19, 37, 46, 50, 55, 56, 91, 100, 101, 107, 119, 129, 144]	Metabolic syndrome symptoms	41.7% (5/12); 33.3% (4/12); 25% (3/12)		Salivary TAC; 100% (1/1) enalapril; 100% (1/1) metoprolol; 100% (1/1) rasburicase; Urinary TAC; 100% (1/1) PCI; 100% (1/1) NAC before and after PCI
[59, 74, 118, 152, 165]	Cancer	66.7% (2/3); 33.3% (1/3)	66.7% (2/3); 33.3% (1/3)	Salivary TAC; chemotherapy
[42, 105, 111, 117, 150, 167]	Neuropsychiatric disorders	75% (3/4); 25% (1/4)	↓ 100% (2/2)
[43, 82, 116, 146, 151, 156, 163, 169]	Congenital and genetic diseases	33.3% (1/3); 33.3% (1/3); 33.3% (1/3)	↓ 83.3% (5/6); ↑ 16.7% (1/6)	Urinary TAC: 100% (3/3) low-protein diet + L-carnitine in IEM patients
[33, 38, 48, 58, 65, 106, 108, 109, 123, 126, 132, 135]	Immune mediated and inflammatory diseases	↓ 60% (6/10); ↑ 40% (4/10)		Salivary TAC; 100% (1/1) corticosteroid; 100% (2/2) CPAP in OSAS; 100% (1/1) anti-TNF therapy

CPAP: continuous positive airway pressure; IEM: inborn errors of metabolism; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; TAC: total antioxidant capacity; TNF: tumor necrosis factor alpha; : increase; : decrease; : unchanged.