High Expression of Galectin-3 in Patients with IgG4-Related Disease: A Proteomic Approach

Table 1

Expression profiles of the most significant proteins identified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

	Protein name	Gene name	Location	Function	-ANOVA	Fold change
1	Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 4	SRSF4	Nucleus	Plays a role in alternative splice site selection in pre-mRNA splicing	0.003	2.84
2	Carbonic anhydrase 1	CA	Cytoplasm	Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide	0.011	−6.87
3	Protein AHNAK2	AHNAK2	Nucleus	Associate with calcium channel proteins in cardiomyocytes	0.011	−3.23
4	Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2	IQGAP2	Cytoplasm	Interacts with calmodulin and Rho family GTPases	0.012	5.07
5	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, A-74 alpha chain	HLA-A	Plasma membrane	Involved in the presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system	0.013	9.43
6	Galectin-3	LGALS3	Cytoplasm, Nucleus	Galactose-specific lectin involved in acute inflammatory responses	0.013	13.01
7	Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L	HNRNPL	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Acts as either an activator or repressor of exon inclusion	0.018	−3.80
8	Hemoglobin subunit beta	HBB	Red blood cells	Involved in oxygen transportation from the lung to peripheral tissues	0.019	−2.89
9	Prostacyclin synthase	PTGIS	Endoplasmic reticulum membrane	Catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin	0.021	5.76
10	Matrin-3	MATR3	Nucleus	Role in transcription or may form the internal fibrogranular network	0.022	−2.22
11	Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase	ALDH7A1	Cytoplasm	An important cellular osmolyte and methyl donor	0.023	−2.06
12	RNA-binding protein Raly	RALY	Nucleus	May be involved in pre-mRNA splicing	0.025	7.44
13	Tubulin beta-6 chain	TUBB6	Cytoplasm	A major constituent of microtubules	0.026	2.04
14	Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4	AKR1C4	Cytoplasm	Catalyzes the transformation of the androgen DHT into the less active form	0.030	12.08
15	Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial	CYC1	Mitochondria	Transfer electrons to cytochrome C in the mitochondrial respiratory chain	0.030	−2.77
16	Zinc finger protein 497	ZNF497	Nucleus	May be involved in transcriptional regulation	0.031	16.87
17	Ig Lambda chainV-I region WAH	NA	Secreted	Antigen binding	0.033	2.29
18	Proteasome subunit beta type-9	PSMB9	Cytoplasm, Nucleus	A multicatalytic proteinase complex	0.034	3.21
19	Delta (3,5)-Delta (2,4)-dienoyl-CoA isomerase, mitochondrial	ECH1	Mitochondria	Involved in the pathway fatty acid beta-oxidation	0.034	−2.31
20	Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44	ERP44	Endoplasmic reticulum	Putative role in the control of oxidative protein folding	0.035	−2.38
21	Histone-binding protein RBBP4	RBBP4	Nucleus	Putative target chromatin assembly factors	0.037	5.21
22	THO complex subunit 4	ALYREF	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Export adapter involved in nuclear export of spliced and un spliced mRNA	0.037	−2.07
23	Ig gamma-4 chain C region	IGHG4	Secreted	Constant region of IgG4 heavy chain	0.039	6.47
24	Ig heavy chain V-III region VH26	NA	Secreted	Antigen binding	0.045	18.88
25	26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11	PSMD11	Cytoplasm, nucleus	Involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins	0.045	2.01
26	4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase	ALDH9A1	Cytoplasm	Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of a broad range of aldehydes	0.046	2.28
27	Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial	LONP1	Mitochondria	Participates in the regulation of mitochondrial gene expression	0.047	−2.26
28	Pancreatic prohormone	PPY	Secreted	Acts as a regulator of gastrointestinal functions	0.048	4.01
29	Tubulin beta chain	TUBB	Cytoplasm	A major constituent of microtubules	0.049	−2.80

DHT: dihydrotestosterone; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NA: not available.
Protein with a 2-fold change and (Mann–Whitney test followed by Bonferroni’s correction) were considered significant. Fold-change values indicate higher (+) or lower (−) expression in IgG4-related pancreatitis samples compared with controls.
Uniprot/Swissprot human proteomic database as reference.