Glutamate Transporter GLT-1 Upregulation Attenuates Visceral Nociception and Hyperalgesia via Spinal Mechanisms Not Related to Anti-Inflammatory or Probiotic Effects
Figure 2
Comparison of visceromotor responses (VMR spikes) to colorectal distension (CRD) between (i) animals treated 1 week with vehicle (intraperitoneal; ip) and vehicle (intracisternal; ic) given 1 hour before CRD; , (ii) animals treated 1 week with vehicle (ip) and dihydrokainate (DHK 0.3 mM, ic; (a) and DHK 3 mM, ic; (b), given 1 hour before CRD; , (iii) animals treated 1 week with ceftriaxone (CTX 200 mg/kg, ip) and vehicle (ic) given 1 hour before CRD, and (iv) animals treated 1 week with (CTX 200 mg/kg, ip) and (DHK 0.3 mM, ic; (a) and DHK 3 mM, ic; (b), given 1 hour before CRD. Data from the 1-week vehicle/ic vehicle group and 1-week CTX/ic vehicle group are from the same animals in (a) and (b). compared to the 1-week Veh + ic Veh group. Intracisternal DHK was ineffective to reverse the attenuated visceromotor response caused by 1-week CTX treatment.
