The Influence of Pain Distribution on Walking Velocity and Horizontal Ground Reaction Forces in Patients with Low Back Pain
Table 2
Descriptive statistics of the self-report questionnaires.
Parameters
BPOa ()
LGPb ()
Pain duration
Mean ± SD (range)
Mean ± SD (range)
1st episode (months)
112.0 ± 110.7 (12.0–396.0)
73.7 ± 58.4 (1.0–180.0)
Present episode (months)
17.9 ± 32.3 (0.2–120.0)
11.9 ± 14.0 (1.0–60.0)
Pretest pain distribution (based on pain drawing diagram)
Above gluteal fold
20
20
Between gluteal fold and knee
0
6
Below knee
0
14
VASc
Mean ± SD (range)
Mean ± SD (range)
Pretest
Posttest
Pretest
Posttest
Back pain intensity (cm)
3.9 ± 2.1 (0.8–7.9)
2.9 ± 2.4* (0–7.8)
5.1 ± 2.2 (1.2–8.3)
5.5 ± 2.7 (0–8.3)
Back pain affect (cm)
4.4 ± 2.4 (0.4–10.0)
3.2 ± 2.3* (0–7.2)
6.0 ± 2.4 (0.6–9.6)
5.5 ± 2.9 (0–8.6)
Examined leg pain intensity (cm)
—
—
5.0 ± 2.2 (1.4–7.6)
4.9 ± 2.1 (1.9–8.0)
Examined leg pain affect (cm)
—
—
5.5 ± 2.6 (1.0–9.6)
5.0 ± 2.3 (1.1–8.4)
Mean ± SD (range)
Mean ± SD (range)
RMDQd (0–24)
9.5 ± 5.9 (0–20)
12.5 ± 4.3 (4–21)
FABQ-Walke (0–30)
6.5 ± 6.0 (0–19)
10.6 ± 7.4 (0–23)
DASf (0–36)
9.6 ± 7.8 (0–30)
12.9 ± 7.0 (0–25)
*BPO group had significantly less back pain intensity and affect at post -test than at Pretest ().
aBPO: back pain only group.
bLGP: back pain with referred leg pain group.
cVAS: Visual Analogue Scale.
dRMDQ: Roland and Morris disability questionnaire.
eFABQ-Walk: Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire—physical activity section (emphasis on walking).
fDAS: Pain Behavior Check List—Distorted Ambulation Scale.
