Immune Biomarker Response Depends on Choice of Experimental Pain Stimulus in Healthy Adults: A Preliminary Study
Table 1
Biomarker concentrations changes (post-pre) after cold pain (ΔCPT) and after hot pain (ΔFHP) stimulation.
ΔCPT* (pg/mL)
ΔCPT
ΔFHP* (pg/mL)
ΔFHP
ΔCPT/ΔFHP
(Mean ± SD)
(Mean ± SD)
,
Cortisol
81,127 ± 123,994
0.046
38,741 ± 87,179
0.128
0.066, 0.3
IL-1β
−2.20 ± 3.6
0.028
−0.04 ± 1.0
0.398
0.081, 0.8
TNF-α
−0.50 ± 0.7
0.039
0.06 ± 0.6
0.889
0.236, 0.8
IFN-γ
−2.89 ± 4.5
0.091
6.04 ± 15.7
0.310
0.072, 0.7
IL-8
−0.84 ± 0.7
0.075
5.33 ± 10.1
0.889
0.345, 0.8
IL-12
−4.57 ± 10.1
0.012
14.27 ± 36.9
0.310
0.053, 0.6
MCP-1
−31.29 ± 43.2
0.038
−3.80 ± 47.2
0.161
0.606, 0.6
αMSH
6.25 ± 57.1
0.841
−13.90 ± 5.6
0.176
0.476, 0.4
IL-6
1.80 ± 5.7
0.398
2.95 ± 10.3
0.727
0.674, 0.1
IL-10
29.00 ± 102.6
0.043
−0.11 ± 6.3
0.962
0.426, 0.4
*Positive values indicate an increase in biomarker concentrations, while negative values represent a decrease in biomarker concentrations. ¥Statistical probability. £Cohen’s effect sizes are generally defined as small (d = 0.2), medium (d = 0.5), and large (d = 0.8) effects.
