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| Author | Type of surgery | Treatment groups | Duration & timing | Outcome measures | Analgesic outcome | Opioid requirement |
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| Khalili et al., 2013 [13] | Lower extremity surgery | 15 mg/kg IV paracetamol | Preventive group: Before skin closure
Preemptive group: 30 min preoperative | Pain (VRS) 5 minutes before spinal anesthesia and 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after surgery, 24 hr meperidine consumption | Lower pain score in both preemptive and preventive acetaminophen groups at 6 hours | Opioid consumption lowest in the preemptive acetaminophen group |
|
| Hiller et al., 2012 [14] | Spinal surgery in children and adolescents | 30 mg/kg IV acetaminophen infusion for 15 minutes, with a maximum dose of 1.5 g | At the end of surgery and thereafter twice at 8-hour intervals | VAS Score PCA opioid requirement | VAS score significantly lower in acetaminophen group (39%) compared to placebo group (72%) () | No significant difference was found in oxycodone consumption during the 24 h postoperative period |
|
| Hynes et al., 2006 [17] | Hip arthroplasty | Propacetamol 2 g intravenously, | Two dosages, 5 h apart | Before each drug administration, for the 5 h following each study treatment administration and for the total study duration of 10 h | Significantly better pain relief with paracetamol in comparison to placebo | Significantly more number of patients in placebo group requested for rescue analgesia both at 5 hr and 10 hr |
|
| Sinatra et al., 2005 [16] | Total hip or knee replacement surgery | Acetaminophen 1000 mg Propacetamol 2000 mg Placebo | Single and repeated doses, postoperative | Pain relief (0–5) Morphine usage (PCA) | Better pain relief when compared to placebo group | Median time to first morphine rescue was also longer, reduced morphine consumption over the 24 h period |
|
| Hernández-Palazón et al., 2001 [18] | Spinal fusion surgery | Propacetamol 2000 mg Placebo | Repeated doses, postoperative | Pain intensity (VAS)
Pain intensity (VRS)
Morphine usage (PCA) | The relief of pain was similar at most time points | Morphine consumption was found to be 46% lower |
|
| Delbos and Boccard, 1995 [20] | Knee ligamentoplasty | Propacetamol 2000 mg
Placebo | Repeated doses, postoperative | Pain intensity (VAS)
Pain intensity (VRS)
Morphine usage (PCA) | No difference in pain score | At 24 h, morphine consumption was found to be significantly lower |
|
| Peduto et al., 1998 [19] | Total hip arthroplasty | Propacetamol 2000 mg
Placebo | Repeated doses, postoperative | Pain intensity (VAS)
Pain intensity (VRS)
Morphine usage (PCA) | Pain intensity was similar | Reduction in PCA morphine consumption |
|
| Granry et al., 1997 [21] | Limb surgery in children | 30 mgkg−1 propacetamol | Single injection | Visual and verbal pain scale | up to 6 hrs, both visual and verbal pain scores were significantly lower in paracetamol group | |
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