Hair-Normalized Cortisol Waking Response as a Novel Biomarker of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity following Acute Trauma: A Proof-of-Concept Study with Pilot Results

Table 1

Characteristics of the sample, including baseline independent variables.

Characteristics	Value
Sex (no. female, %)	7 (70%)
Age (mean years, range)	28 (21 to 59)
Days injury to inception (mean, range)	12 (7 to 20)
Type of injury (no., %)
Whiplash	6 (60%)
Distal radius fracture	4 (40%)
Medicolegal status (no., %)
No claim	6 (60%)
Worker’s compensation	1 (10%)
Motor vehicle insurance	3 (30%)
Pain intensity (mean/10, range)	3.6 (0 to 7)
Disability (mean, range)	32% (0 to 90%)
Pain catastrophizing scale (mean/52, range)	7.3 (0 to 21)