Factors Related to Postoperative Pain Trajectories following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Longitudinal Study of Patients Admitted to a Russian Orthopaedic Clinic

Figure 2

Hours of moderate to severe pain over time by preoperative anxiety. Patients with more preoperative anxiety (HADS anxiety score >8) reported more hours per day in moderate to severe pain compared with patients who had less anxiety (HADS score ≤8; main effect for anxiety, ; interaction with time, ).