Pain Research and Treatment

Research Article

The Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Neck, Shoulder, and Low-Back Pains among Medical Students at University Hospitals in Central Saudi Arabia

Table 3

Univariate analysis of factors associated with MSP in at least one body site at any time.
Variable MSPOR (95% CI) value
Yes
(%)		No
(%)
Sex     
 Male 155 (83.8)30 (16.2)  
 Female 245 (86.3)39 (31.7)1.22 (0.73–2.01)0.458
Preclinical versus clinical     
 Preclinical 206 (83.4)41 (16.6)  
 Clinical 194 (87.4)28 (12.6)1.38 (0.82–2.32)0.032
Exercise     
 Not at all 81 (83.5)16 (16.5) 0.515
 Occasional 81 (82.7)17 (17.3)  
 Regular 238 (86.9)36 (13.1)  
Coffee     
 Not at all 1 (100)0 (0.0)  
 <3 cups/week 184 (84)35 (16)  
 >3 cups/week 215 (86.3)34 (13.7) 0.713
Smoking     
 Yes 32 (88.9)4 (11.1) 0.747
 No 367 (85)65 (15)  
History of trauma     
 Yes 86 (91.5)8 (8.5)  
 No 314 (83.7)61 (16.3)2.1 (0.96–4.53)0.036
History of depressive symptoms     
 Yes 250 (90.9)25 (9.1)  
 No 150 (77.3)44 (22.7)2.93 (1.73–4.98)<0.001
History of psychosomatic symptoms     
 Yes 168 (93.3)12 (6.7)  
 No 232 (80.3)57 (19.7)3.44 (1.79–6.6)<0.001
 Yes
(Median, IQR)		No
(Median, IQR)		  
Age398 (22.84, 6.22)69 (23.39, 5.23) 0.944
Body mass index398 (21, 2)69 (21, 1) 0.58
Computer use (hours/day)398 (5, 3)69 (5, 3) 0.719
MSP = musculoskeletal pain; OR = the odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval.