Kinesiophobia, Pain, Muscle Functions, and Functional Performances among Older Persons with Low Back Pain

Table 1

Characteristics of the participants ().

Variables	Mean ± SD (range)
Age (years)	70.98 ± 7.90 (60–89)
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.70 ± 4.18 (16.4–37.1)
Pain intensity	4.17 ± 1.70 (1–9)
Abdominal strength (kg)	0.34 ± 0.06 (0.20–0.46)
Back strength (kg)	0.33 ± 0.05 (0.23–0.45)
TrA control (mmHg)	69.14 ± 3.00 (63.3–75.34)
Multifidus control (mmHg)	40.45 ± 2.38 (35–46)
Lower limb function (reps)	9.35 ± 3.18 (3–17.67)
TUG (s)	13.38 ± 4.81 (6.08–25.89)
Hand grip strength (kg)	17.51 ± 7.20 (5–36)
TSK total score	29.67 ± 7.92 (11–44)
Somatic focus	13.89 ± 4.32 (5–20)
Avoidance activity	16.00 ± 4.33 (6–24)
Duration of LBP	n (%)
<1 month	11 (17.5)
1–3 months	10 (15.9)
3–6 months	4 (6.3)
>6 months	38 (60.3)