Interventional Pain Management in Multidisciplinary Chronic Pain Clinics: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study with One-Year Follow-Up
Table 2
Sociodemographic characteristics of all patients, chronic pain patients with interventional pain management, and chronic pain patients without interventional pain management.
All patients
CP patients without IPM
CP patients with IPM
%
%
%
UF (%)
Gender
Male
265
32.8
226
33.8
39
28.1
14.7
0.199
Female
543
67.2
443
66.2
100
71.9
18.4
Total
808
100.0
669
100.0
139
100.0
17.2
Age
Median (P25–P75)
60.0 (48.3–70.8)
59.7 (50.0–71.0)
54.6 (44.0–65.0)
<0.001
Age categories
18–24 years
9
1.1
5
0.7
4
2.9
44.4
0.010
25–34 years
31
3.8
21
3.1
10
7.2
32.3
35–44 years
108
13.4
87
13.0
21
15.1
19.4
45–54 years
164
20.3
132
19.7
32
23.0
19.5
55–64 years
190
23.5
156
23.3
34
24.5
17.9
65–74 years
180
22.3
154
23.0
26
18.7
14.4
75 years or older
126
15.6
114
17.0
12
18.6
9.5
Total
808
100.0
669
100.0
139
100.0
17.2
Family household
Alone
84
10.4
69
10.3
15
10.8
17.9
0.121
With wife/husband or partner
317
39.2
262
39.2
55
39.6
17.4
With wife/husband or partner and sons/daughters
244
30.2
192
28.7
52
37.4
21.3
With sons/daughters
62
7.7
54
8.1
8
5.8
12.9
In elderly care homes
2
0.2
2
0.3
—
—
—
Other
99
12.3
90
13.5
9
6.5
9.1
Total
808
100.0
669
100.0
139
100.0
17.2
Professional/occupational status
Full or part-time worker
242
30.0
180
26.9
62
44.6
25.6
<0.001
Student
6
0.7
5
0.7
1
0.7
16.7
Unemployed
101
12.5
84
12.6
17
12.2
16.8
House worker or domestic worker
33
4.1
26
3.9
7
5.0
21.2
Retired or preretired
387
47.9
342
51.1
45
32.0
11.6
Other
39
4.8
32
4.8
7
5.0
17.9
Total
808
100.0
669
100.0
139
100.0
17.2
Education level
No education
24
3.0
24
4.1
—
—
—
0.195
1–4 years (basic 1st cycle)
401
49.8
330
56.4
71
51.1
17.7
5–9 years (basic 2nd and 3rd cycles)
189
23.4
156
26.7
33
23.7
17.5
10–12 years (secondary)
85
10.5
66
11.3
19
13.7
22.4
More than 12 years (higher)
86
10.7
74
12.6
12
8.6
14.0
Other
21
2.6
17
2.6
4
2.9
19.0
Total
806
100.0
667
100.0
139
100.0
17.2
Each row of the table includes absolute () and relative (%) frequencies of each characteristic and the utilization frequency (%) of interventional pain management by category (UF). Highlighted in bold are statistically significant results, at a 0.05 significance level. CP, chronic pain. IPM, interventional pain management. P25–P75, 25th percentile and 75th percentile (representing the interquartile range). value for statistical hypothesis tests comparing the subsample of CP subjects with IPM to CP subjects without IPM. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test for numerical variables were used. pain was defined, using the IASP standard definition, as pain present with duration ≥3 months.
