Prevalence and Characterization of Breakthrough Pain Associated with Chronic Low Back Pain in the South of Spain: A Cross-Sectional, Multicenter, Observational Study
Table 3
Treatments for basal pain (CLBP).
%
NSAIDs
149
50.51
Opioids1
295
100.01
Tapentadol
83
28.1
Oxycodone
51
17.3
Oxycodone/naloxone
51
17.3
Tramadol
47
15.9
Fentanyl
41
13.9
Buprenorphine
17
5.8
Morphine
14
4.7
Codeine
2
0.7
Hydromorphone
1
0.3
Other pharmacological treatments2
251
85.11
Anticonvulsants
158
62.9
Dual antidepressants
51
20.3
Muscle relaxants
34
13.5
Tricyclic antidepressants
19
7.6
Neuroleptics
17
6.8
Corticoids
12
4.8
Bisphosphonates
10
4.0
Calcitonin
1
0.4
Spasmodic
1
0.4
Others
62
24.7
Nonsystemic pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments3
167
56.61
Acupuncture
3
1.8
Local anesthetic nerve injections
65
38.9
TENS
14
8.4
Physiotherapy
10
6.0
Local anesthetic peripheral injections
86
51.5
Spinal stimulation
3
1.8
Other
25
15.0
Note. patients could receive more than one treatment. 1Percentages calculated over the total number of patients .2Percentages calculated over the total of patients with pharmacological treatments for basal pain .3Percentage calculated over the total of patients with nonpharmacological treatments for basal pain. NSAIDs = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; TENS = transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.
