Research Article

Incidence and Health Related Quality of Life of Opioid-Induced Constipation in Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients: A Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study

Figure 4

Short-Treatment Outcomes in Pain Survey (S-TOPS) questionnaire at 6 months. OIC: opioid-induced constipation; PD-LB: physical disability lower body; PD-LB: physical disability upper body; FAM-SOC DISAB: family social disability; ROLE-EMOT DISAB: role emotional disability; SATOUTCOME: satisfaction with outcomes. Data are presented as median of each subscale. values are derived from Mann-Whitney U test comparisons. , .