Incidence and Health Related Quality of Life of Opioid-Induced Constipation in Chronic Noncancer Pain Patients: A Prospective Multicentre Cohort Study

Table 2

Follow-up at 6 months of patients with OIC at baseline.

	6 Months Follow-up of OIC patients at baseline
Variable	Previous OIC (OIC absent at 6 months)	Current OIC (OIC still present at 6 months)	value
Total	84 (48.3%)	90 (51.7%)
Age, years			0.349
18-45	23 (27.4%)	18 (20.0%)
45-60	27 (32.1%)	25 (27.8%)
60-75	20 (16.7%)	32 (35.6%)
>75	14 (48.3%)	15 (16.7%)
Gender
Female	60 (71.4%)	71 (78.9%)	0.293
Male	24 (28.6%)	19 (21.1%)
BMI	27.15	26.49	0.178
Mean [34];	(±5.20)	(±5.20)
Education level			0.047
No education	4 (4.8%)	3 (3.3%)
1-4 years (basic 1st cycle)	40 (48.2%)	54 (60.0%)
5-9 years (basic 2nd and 3rd cycles)	15 (18.1%)	21 (23.3%)
10-12 years (secondary)	12 (14.5%)	6 (6.7%)
More than 12 years(higher)	12 (14.5%)	6 (6.7%)
Opioid therapy			0.409
Weak opioid	43 (51.2%)	50 (55.6%)
Strong opioid	41 (48.8%)	40 (44.4%)
Laxatives use	0 (0%)	19 (100%)	<0.001
Current depressive disorder on treatment	20 (24.4%)	14 (27.2%)	0.686

OIC: opioid-induced constipation; BMI: body mass index. Data are presented as (%) except BMI which is presented as mean ± standard deviation. Proportions are calculated as column proportions. values are derived from (a) x2 comparisons; (b) test.