Efficacy of Intrauterine Lidocaine Instillation in Reducing Pain during Endometrial Biopsy by Novak
Table 1
Demographic character of participants (n=125 each).
Lidocaine
Normal saline
p value
Age (years)
48.53 ± 9.74
47.23 ± 8.29
0.26
BW (kg)
60.8 ± 11.34
61.82 ± 13.04
0.51
HT (cm)
157.26 ± 4.36
158.25 ± 5.26
0.11
BMI (kg/m2)
24.54 ± 4.20
24.65 ± 4.82
0.84
Education
0.64
Below primary level
26 (20.8)
27 (21.6)
Secondary-tertiary level
52 (41.6)
54 (43.2)
Above bachelor
47 (37.6)
44 (35.2)
Occupation
0.28
House wife
22 (17.6)
26 (20.8)
Agriculture
5 (4)
4 (3.2)
SME
31 (24.8)
30 (24)
Employee
43 (34.4)
43 (34.4)
Government officer
24 (19.2)
22 (17.6)
Income (Bath)
0.94
<10,000
15 (12)
18 (14.4)
10,000 - 30,000
65 (52)
61 (48.8)
30,000 - 50,000
31 (24.8)
32 (25.6)
>50,000
14 (11.2)
14 (11.2)
Underlying disease
No
63 (50.4)
72 (57.6)
0.98
DM and HT
32 (25.6)
31 (24.8)
Heart disease
1 (0.8)
4 (3.2)
Anemia
2 (1.6)
2 (1.6)
Other
27 (21.6)
16 (12.8)
Hormonal used
0.48
No
104 (83.2)
108 (86.4)
Tamoxifen
3 (2.4)
3 (2.4)
DMPA
7 (5.6)
5 (4)
OCP
10 (8)
6 (4.8)
Other
1 (0.8)
3 (2.4)
Parous cervix
0.6
Nulliparous
44 (35.2)
48 (38.4)
Parous
81 (64.8)
77 (61.6)
History of uterine curettage
31 (24.8)
31 (24.8)
0.79
Menopausal status
0.57
Premenopausal
93 (74.4)
89 (71.2)
Postmenopausal
32 (25.6)
36 (28.8)
Indication for endometrial biopsy
0.19
Menorrhagia
30 (24)
20 (16)
Irregular cycle
23 (18.4)
34 (27.2)
Intermenstrual bleeding
30 (24)
31 (24.8)
Mixed symptoms
9 (7.2)
3 (2.4)
Postmenopausal bleeding
32 (25.6)
36 (28.8)
Hypermenorrhea
1 (0.8)
1 (0.8)
: mean ± SD; : n (%); BW: body weight; HT: height; BMI: body mass index; SME: small and medium enterprise; DM: diabetes mellitus; HT: hypertension; Other: breast cancer, asthma, thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, etc.; DMPA: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate; OCP: oral contraceptive pill; Other: herb, progestin only pill, and implant.
