Sociodemographic Predictors of Breast Reconstruction Procedure Choice: Analysis of the Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium Study Cohort
Table 1
Patient characteristics by cancer status and procedure type.
Variable
Number of women (%) with current or previous cancer by reconstructive procedure type
Number of women (%) undergoing prophylactic mastectomy by reconstructive procedure type
TE/DTI
Abdominal flap†
TE/DTI
Abdominal flap†
1557 (70.7)
646 (29.3)
157 (77.7)
45 (22.3)
Age (years)
1557
646
<0.001
157
45
0.01
<40
282 (84.7)
51 (15.3)
71 (85.5)
12 (14.5)
40–49
577 (72.9)
215 (27.1)
52 (78.8)
14 (21.2)
50–59
439 (63.8)
249 (36.2)
34 (64.2)
19 (35.8)
≥60
259 (66.4)
131 (33.6)
Race
1538
635
0.49
157
45
0.30
White
1346 (70.4)
565 (29.6)
147 (77.8)
42 (22.2)
Black
114 (75.0)
38 (25.0)
8 (88.9)
1 (11.1)
Other
78 (70.9)
32 (29.1)
2 (50.0)
2 (50.0)
Ethnicity
1524
634
0.34
156
43
0.93
Non-Hispanic
1423 (70.4)
599 (29.6)
152 (78.4)
42 (21.7)
Hispanic
101 (74.3)
35 (25.7)
4 (80.0)
1 (20.0)
Marital status
1542
644
0.13
157
45
0.32
Not married
402 (68.1)
188 (31.9)
43 (82.7)
9 (17.3)
Married
1140 (71.4)
456 (28.6)
114 (76.0)
36 (24.0)
Employment status
1538
638
<0.001
155
45
0.40
Full-time/student
866 (69.3)
383 (30.7)
96 (77.4)
28 (22.6)
Part-time/volunteer
512 (76.2)
160 (23.8)
50 (74.6)
17 (25.4)
Unable to work/disabled
41 (61.2)
26 (38.8)
5 (100)
0 (0.0)
Retired
119 (63.3)
69 (36.7)
4 (100)
0 (0.0)
Smoking status
1539
643
<0.001
154
45
0.25
Never smoker
1019 (73.6)
366 (26.4)
116 (79.5)
30 (20.5)
Previous smoker
483 (65.2)
258 (34.8)
35 (70.0)
15 (30.0)
Current smoker
37 (66.1)
19 (33.9)
3 (100)
0 (0.0)
Education
1549
643
<0.001
157
45
0.01
High school diploma or less
115 (51.1)
110 (48.9)
8 (88.9)
1 (11.1)
Some college or college degree
837 (68.6)
383 (31.4)
78 (70.3)
33 (29.7)
Some graduate or graduate degree
597 (79.9)
150 (20.1)
71 (86.6)
11 (13.4)
Income
1505
627
<0.001
153
45
0.04
<$50,000
238 (58.5)
169 (41.5)
18 (78.3)
5 (21.7)
$50,000–$99,999
439 (64.2)
245 (35.8)
47 (67.1)
23 (32.9)
≥$100,000
828 (79.5)
213 (20.5)
88 (83.8)
17 (16.2)
BMI
1557
646
<0.001
157
45
<0.001
<25
788 (84.4)
146 (15.6)
101 (93.5)
7 (6.5)
25–29.9
458 (66.4)
232 (33.6)
35 (72.9)
13 (27.1)
30–34.9
192 (53.3)
168 (46.7)
13 (43.3)
17 (56.7)
≥35
119 (54.3)
100 (45.7)
8 (50.0)
8 (50.0)
Medical comorbidities
1557
646
0.001
157
45
0.75
None
32 (64.0)
18 (36.0)
126 (78.8)
34 (21.2)
One
1393 (72.1)
540 (27.9)
29 (74.4)
10 (25.6)
More than two
132 (60.0)
88 (40.0)
2 (66.7)
1 (33.3)
Procedure laterality
1557
646
<0.001
157
45
0.34
Unilateral
652 (62.9)
384 (37.1)
9 (90.0)
1 (10.0)
Bilateral¥
905 (77.5)
262 (22.5)
148 (77.1)
44 (22.9)
Cancer status, timing of reconstruction
1557
646
<0.001
Active cancer, immediate
1492 (75.2)
492 (24.8)
Cancer history, immediate
27 (62.8)
16 (37.2)
Cancer history, delayed
38 (21.6)
138 (78.4)
Pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous, free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous, deep inferior epigastric perforator, and superficial inferior epigastric artery flaps. American Indians, Asians, Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders. ‡Includes homemakers and women seeking employment. Includes contralateral prophylactic mastectomy and reconstruction. TE/DTI, tissue expander/direct-to-implant; BMI, body mass index.
