Review Article

Multimodality Treatment in Ewing’s Sarcoma Family Tumors of the Maxilla and Maxillary Sinus: Review of the Literature

Table 1

Literature review 1968–2016.

Study YearTumor/patientLocalisationSymptomsTherapy Follow-upIHC/Mol

Hunsuck [53]1968ES/m 33 yMaxillaSwelling() RTX 3000 rads 18 mts: DFn.s.
() Subtotal maxillectomy

Roca et al. [54] REV. 1968ES m/3 yMaxillaProptosisRTX 4000 r + resection 11 y: DFn.s.
ES m/7 yMaxillaSwellingCurettage, RTX 5000 r + C 5 y: DFn.s.

Brownson and Cook [55] 1969ES f/6 yMaxillaFacial swelling() RTX (n.f.s.) n.s.n.s.
() VC n.s.

Fernandez et al. [56] REV. 1974ES/2 Pat.Maxillan.s.Chemoradiation (n.f.s.) n.s.n.s.

Ferlito [57] REV. 1978ES/m, 29 yMaxillaCongestionRTX + Adr, V, Bl 10 mts: diedn.s.
ES/m, 44 yMaxillaSwellingResection, RTX, Adr, V, CCNU 8 mts: DFn.s.
ES/m, 43 yMaxillaEpistaxisRTX + Adr, V, CCNU 1 y: diedn.s.
ES/m, 44 yMaxillaEpistaxisRTX + Adr, V, CCNU 3 mts: DFn.s.

Komray [58] 1979ES/m, 15 yMax sinEpistaxis, exopht.() RTX 6000 rads 1 y: DFn.s.
() VAdC

Strong et al. [52] REV. 1979ES/m, 3 yMaxillan.s.AMC + RTX 4000 rads 23 y: DFn.s.
ES/m, 7 yMaxillan.s.C + RTX 6500 rads 14 y: diedn.s.
ES/m, 9 yMaxillan.s.CVAD + RTX 6000 rads 4 y: DFn.s.

Pontius and Sebek [59] 1981ES/m, 39 yMax. sin.Obstruct., lacrimat.() Resection 2 y: DFn.s.
() RTX 7500 rads

Hossfeld et al. [60] 1982ES/n.s.Maxillan.s.Chemoradiation (n.f.s.) n.s.n.s.

Slootweg et al. [61] 1983PNET/m, 10 yMaxillaSwelling() Subtotal maxillectomy 3 y: DFn.s.
() RTX 50 Gy

Bacchini et al. [62] 1986ES/f, 7 yMaxillan.s.() Curettage, RTX 6000 rads 5 y 6 mts: DFn.s.
() Adj. CVAD

Siegal et al. [42] REV. 1987ES/m, 14 yMaxillaSwellingVCD/VACD + RTX 4300 rads 10 y: DFn.s.
ES/m, 9 yMaxillaSwellingVCD/VACD + RTX 6000 rads 8 y: DFn.s.
ES/f, 8 yMaxillaSwellingVCD/VACD + RTX 6550 rads 7 y 5 mts: DFn.s.
ES/f, 15 yMaxillaSwellingVCD/VACD + RTX 5500 rads11 mts: DFn.s.

Amin et al. [63] 1990ES/f, 10 yMaxillaObstruct., swelling() Lateral rhinotomy n.s.n.s.
() RTX, not performed

Yeo et al. [64] 1991PNET/f, 7 yMaxillaSwelling, pain() Neoadj. VAC 9 y: DFn.s.
(2) Partial maxillectomy
() Adj. C + RTX 50 Gy

Filiatrault et al. [65] 1993PNET/f, 11 yMax sinObstruct.Chemoradiation (n.f.s.) 10 mts: SDn.s.

Jones and McGill [66] REV. 1995PNET/f, 13 yMax sinn.s.Chemoradiation (n.f.s.) 2 y: DFn.s.

Shah et al. [67] 1995PNET/m, 42 yMax sinSwelling() CAVCisPt, I, VP-16, E 9 mts: diedn.s.
() RTX (n.f.s.)

Ibarburen et al. [68]1996PNET/f, 20 mtsMaxillaSwellingn.s. 3 y: DFn.s.

Fiorillo et al. [69] 1996ES/m, 7 yMaxillaSwellingCVAIE + RTX 6000 cGy 52 mts: DFn.s.
ES/f, 22 yMaxillaSwellingCVAIE + RTX 6000 cGy 41 mts: DFn.s.

Zheng et al. [70]1998ES/m, 16 yMaxillaSwellingn.s. n.s.n.s.

Allam et al. [71] REV. 1999ES/9 Pat.Maxillan.s.() RTX + VAdC + IEP/VAIA 3.4 y (mean)n.s.
() Surgery, n.s.

Toda et al. [72] 1999PNET/f, 57 yMax. sin.Obstruct.() VAdC 3 mts: diedMIC2−
() RTX 40 Gy

Daw et al. [51] 2000ESMaxillan.s.() Resection, RTX 3500 cGy 16 y 9 mts: DFn.s.
() Adj. CVAD, Carm

Wexler et al. [73] 2003ESMax sinCongestion, swelling() Neoadj. VAdC + IE 3 y: DFMIC2+, EWS-FLI1
() Subtotal maxillectomy
() Adjuv. chemotherapy (n.f.s.)

Kao et al. [74]2002PNET/m, 74 yMaxillaSwellingCisPtEI 4 mts: diedCD99+

Alobid et al. [75] 2003PNET/f, 23 yMax. sin.Obstruct.() Lateral rhinotomy 59 mts: DFCD99+
() Adj. CVAD + RTX 60 Gy

Harman et al. [76] 2003ES/f, 40 yMax sinObstruct.() VAC n.s.CD99+
() RTX 2000 cGy

Windfuhr [44] REV. 2004PNET/m, 7 yMax. sin.Exopht., vision loss() Lateral rhinotomy 17 mts: DFn.s.
() Adj. VIDE/VACD
() RTX 45 Gy

Howarth et al. [43] 2004ES/m, 9 yMaxillaSwelling() VIDE (inoperable) n.s.CD99+
() RTX (n.f.s.)

Sun et al. [77] 2007PNET/f, 49 yMaxillaSwelling() Total right maxillectomy 3 mts: DFCD99+, EWS-FLI1
() Radiotherapy 60 Gy

Infante-Cossio et al. [78] 2005ES/m, 17 yMax. sin.Swelling() Neoadj. VCAIE 8 y: DFCD99+
() Complete resection
() Adj. chemotherapy (n.f.s.)

Coskun et al. [79] 2005ES/f, 16 yMax sinSwelling() Surgery declined 1 y: DFCD99+
() RTX + CVAD/IE

Varshney et al. [80] 2007ESMaxillaSwelling() Resection n.s.CD99+
() Adj. VAC + RTX 2000 cGy

Thariat et al. [81] 2008ES/m, 26 yMax. sin.Swelling() Neoadj. CD 11 y: local recurrencet(11;22) EWSR1
() Surgery
() Adj. AV

Prasad et al. [82] 2008ES/m, 18 yMaxillaSwelling() Extended maxillectomy 1 y: DFn.s.
() Adj. chemotherapy (n.f.s.)

Mohindra et al. [83] 2008PNET/m, 5 yMax. sin.Swelling, exopht.() VIDECAdr n.s.CD99+, EWS-FLI1
() RTX 55.8 Gy

Bornstein et al. [84] 2008ES/f, 19 yMax. sin.Pain in teeth() neoadj. VIDE (EU-Ew99) n.s.CD99+, EWS-FLI1
() Hemimaxillectomy
() Adj. VAC + RTX 46 Gy

Kawabata et al. [85] REV. 2008ES, PNET/m, 12 yMax sinSwelling() VDCIE 20 mts: DFCD99+, EWS-ERG
() RTX 45 Gy

Ataergin et al. [86] 2009ES/n.s.Maxillan.s.() Neoadj. IEAM diedn.s.
() Resection
() Adj. RTX (n.f.s.), VD IE AC

Piloni et al. [87] 2009ES/2 Pat.n.s.n.s.n.s. n.s.n.s.

Gupta et al. [88] 2009ES/m, 30 yMaxillaSwelling, congestion() Excision n.s.CD99+
() Adj. chemoradiation (n.f.s.)

Hormozi et al. [89] 2010PNET/f, 28 yMaxillaDiplopia() Maxillectomy 6 mts: DFCD99+
Metastasis() γ-knife (optic chiasma)
Parasellar() Adj. VAI + RTX 80 Gy

Dadhe et al. [90] 2010ES/m, 12 yMax. sin.Swelling, pain() Extended maxillectomy 1 y: DFn.s.
() Adj. chemotherapy (n.f.s.)

Davido et al. [91] 2011ES/m, 25 yMax. sin.Swelling, pain() Neoadj. IDCisPt 5 y: DFCD99+
() Part maxillectomy
() Adj. IDCisPt

Hafezi et al. [92] REV. 2011ES/f, 69 yMax. sin.Obstruct., epistaxisChemoradiation (n.f.s.) 6 mts: DFCD99+, EWS-FLI1
ES/f, 45 yMax. sin.Obstruct., epistaxisChemoradiation (n.f.s.) 14 mts: diedCD99+, EWS-FLI1
ES/m, 54 yMaxillaObstruct., epistaxisChemoradiation (n.f.s.) 17 mts: diedCD99+ EWSR1
ES/m, 25 yMax. sin.Obstruct., epistaxisSurgery (n.f.s.) 26 mts: DFCD99+ EWSR1
ES/f, 13 yMax. sin.Obstruct., epistaxisSurgery (n.f.s.) 4 mts: DFCD99+ EWSR1
ES/f, 15 yMax. sin.Obstruct., epistaxisChemoradiation (n.f.s.) 14 y: DFCD99+ EWSR1

Yeshvanth et al. [93] 2012ES/f, 29 yMaxillaObstruct., epistaxis() Neoadj. VACDex 1 y: DFCD99+
() Resection

Kaler and Sheriff [94] 2013ES/m, 22 yMaxilla & orbitSwelling, pain() Craniofacial resection 2 y: local recurrenceCD99+
() Chemoradiation (n.f.s.)

Biswas et al. [49] 2014ES/14 Pat.Maxilla (sin.)n.s.() VDCIE 58 mts (median)CD99+
() RTX or surgery ± RTX 50–60 Gy
() Adj. chemotherapy (n.f.s.)

Grevener et al. [50] 2016ES/7 Pat.Maxillan.s.() VIDE 3.3 y (median)n.s.
() RTX or surgery ± RTX 44–54 Gy