Impact of Insurance Coverage on Outcomes in Primary Breast Sarcoma

Table 2

Baseline patient and tumor characteristics by insurance coverage type.

Patient and tumor characteristics	Private	Medicaid	Medicare
	No. (%)	No. (%)	No. (%)	P^a
Total^b	323 (53.2%)	67 (11.0%)	217 (35.7%)	—
Age (years)				<0.001
18–44	95 (29.4%)	20 (29.9%)	<11	—
45–54	101 (31.3%)	29 (43.3%)	<11	—
55–64	97 (30.0%)	≥11	13 (6.0%)	—
≥65	30 (9.3%)	<11	192 (88.5%)	—
Race				0.001
White	249 (77.1%)	40 (59.7%)	182 (83.9%)	—
Black	50 (15.5%)	≥11	≥11	—
Other/unknown	24 (7.4%)	<11	<11	—
Year of diagnosis				0.506
2004-2005	76 (23.5%)	≥11	40 (18.4%)	—
2006-2007	64 (19.8%)	<11	40 (18.4%)	—
2008-2009	61 (18.9%)	15 (22.4%)	54 (24.9%)	—
2010-2011	66 (20.4%)	15 (22.4%)	42 (19.4%)	—
2012-2013	56 (17.3%)	14 (20.9%)	41 (18.9%)	—
Charlson–Deyo score				<0.001
0	286 (88.5%)	≥11	149 (68.7%)	—
≥1	37 (11.5%)	<11	68 (31.3%)	—
Residence type				0.419
Metropolitan	280 (86.7%)	54 (80.6%)	183 (84.3%)	—
Urban/rural	34 (10.5%)	11 (16.4%)	31 (14.3%)	—
Income^c				0.026
<$38,000	51 (15.8%)	20 (29.9%)	41 (18.9%)	—
≥$38,000	269 (83.3%)	45 (67.2%)	175 (80.6%)	—
Educational attainment (% without HSD)^c				<0.001
≥13%	130 (40.2%)	43 (64.2%)	88 (40.6%)	—
<13%	190 (58.8%)	22 (32.8%)	129 (59.4%)	—
Facility location^d				<0.001
Northeast	58 (18.0%)	≥11	43 (19.8%)	—
South	87 (26.9%)	15 (22.4%)	76 (35.0%)	—
Central	58 (18.0%)	15 (22.4%)	61 (28.1%)	—
West	51 (15.8%)	<11	≥11	—
Unknown	69 (21.4%)	19 (28.4%)	<11	—
Facility cancer program type^d				<0.001
Academic/research^e	101 (31.3%)	21 (31.3%)	≥11	—
Nonacademic	153 (47.4%)	27 (40.3%)	152 (70.0%)	—
Unknown	69 (21.4%)	19 (28.4%)	<11	—
Distance from facility				0.087
≤50 miles	289 (89.5%)	≥11	198 (91.2%)	—
>50 miles	31 (9.6%)	<11	19 (8.8%)	—
Angiosarcoma				0.858
Yes	111 (34.4%)	21 (31.3%)	71 (32.7%)	—
No	212 (65.6%)	46 (68.7%)	146 (67.3%)	—
Stage^f				0.010
I/II	193 (59.8%)	25 (37.3%)	114 (52.5%)	—
III	68 (21.1%)	25 (37.3%)	44 (20.3%)	—
IV	22 (6.8%)	<11	20 (9.2%)	—
Unknown	40 (12.4%)	<11	39 (18.0%)	—
Tumor size category				<0.001
T1: ≤5 cm	166 (51.4%)	≥11	102 (47.0%)	—
T2: >5 cm	127 (39.3%)	48 (71.6%)	90 (41.5%)	—
Unknown	30 (9.3%)	<11	25 (11.5%)	—
Node status^g				0.435
N0	135 (41.8%)	33 (49.3%)	85 (39.2%)	—
N+	11 (3.4%)	<11	<11	—
No nodes examined/unknown	177 (54.8%)	≥11	≥11	—
Metastatic status^h				0.659
M0	284 (87.9%)	55 (82.1%)	183 (84.3%)	—
M1	24 (7.4%)	<11	20 (9.2%)	—
Unknown	15 (4.6%)	<11	14 (6.5%)	—
Grade				0.096
G1: well differentiated	58 (18.0%)	<11	29 (13.4%)	—
G2: moderately differentiated	44 (13.6%)	<11	22 (10.1%)	—
G3: poorly/undifferentiated/anaplastic	150 (46.4%)	42 (62.7%)	108 (49.8%)	—
Unknown	71 (22.0%)	11 (16.4%)	58 (26.7%)	—

In order to protect patient identity, some categories are combined, unknown categories with few patients are not shown, and cells with fewer than 11 patients are hidden; ^aPearson’s chi-squared value; ^bpercentage of total cohort (n = 607); ^cderived from patient zip code and 2012 American Community Survey data from years 2008–2012; ^dnot available for patients <40 years old; ^eincludes NCI-designated comprehensive cancer centers; ^fpatients with no nodes examined were considered N0 when defining the stage; ^gpresence or absence of any involved regional lymph nodes at diagnosis; ^hpresence or absence of any distant metastases at diagnosis; abbreviations: HSD, high school degree.