Using the Spleen as an In Vivo Systemic Immune Barometer Alongside Osteosarcoma Disease Progression and Immunotherapy with α-PD-L1

Figure 2

Osteosarcoma induces systemic immunomodulation in splenic MLC populations at 11 weeks. The spleens of TF tumor-bearing (n = 5) and SH (n = 4) mice were harvested at time of metastatic disease (approximately 11 weeks) after inoculation and analyzed via flow cytometry for MLC immunophenotyping. The data spread of the percent parent populations (a) CD45⁺CD11 b⁺ MLCs is shown. Also, the spreads of an M2 macrophage polarization marker (b) Tgm2 and two M1 macrophage polarization markers (c) Cxcl9 and (d) Nos2 on CD45⁺CD11 b⁺Ly6C⁺Ly6G⁻ monocytes/macrophages are shown. An asterisk denotes statistical significance with value < 0.00714 from a two-tailed Student’s T-test with Bonferroni correction and 95% confidence. MLC: myeloid lineage cell; TF: transfected; SH: sham; Tgm2: transglutaminase 2; Cxcl9: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 9; Nos2: nitric oxide synthase 2.

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