Review Article
Prognostic Factors for Development of Subsequent Metastases in Localized Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Identification of Literature Gaps
Table 1
Summary of the prognostic factors evaluated in the 9 studies included in the systematic review that included univariate or multivariate analysis.
| | | Kong et al. [14] | Bispo Júnior and Camargo [15] | Kim et al. [16] | Hauben et al. [13] | Ferrari et al. [17] | Zhou et al. [18] | Ward et al. [19] | Smeland et al. [12] | Ferrari et al. [20] | | MFS (N = 114) | MFS (N = 24) | MFS (N = 365) | LRR (N = 33) | RFI (N = 19) | MFS (N = 19) | MFS (N = 111) | EFS (N = 1395) | DFS (N = 127) | | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA | UVA | MVA |
| | Age | NS (15) | — | NS (15) | — | S (2; 15; 40) | S | NS (q5y) | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S (sex dep) | S | NS (15; 21; 30) | — | | Gender | NS | — | NS | — | NS | — | NS | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | NS | NS | NS | — | | Tumor location | NS | — | NS | — | S | S | NS | — | — | — | — | — | NS | — | S | S | NS | — | | Tumor size/volume# | S (v = 150 ml) | S | S (s = 15 cm) | NS | S (s = 6 cm; 8 cm) | S | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S (v = 1/3 bone) | S (v) | NS | — | | Osteosarcoma subtype | NS | — | S | S | NS | — | NS | — | — | — | — | — | NS | — | S | NS | NS | — | | Surgical margin | S | S | NS | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S | S | NS | NS | — | — | | Histological response | S | NS | — | — | S | S | NS | — | — | — | — | — | S (90; 98) | S | S | S | S | S | | HER-2/neu expression | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | P-glycoprotein | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | NS | | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | ErbB-2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | p53 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | BCL-2 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | Chemotherapy protocol | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | NS | S | — | — | S (MTX) | S (MTX) | | Lactate dehydrogenase | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S | S | | Alkaline phosphatase | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | S | NS | | Pathologic fracture | NS | — | — | — | NS | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | NS | NS | | | | Limb salvage vs amputation | — | — | NS | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | | | Time to seek care | — | — | NS | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | | | | |
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UVA = univariate analysis; — = not tested; MFS = metastasis-free survival; MVA = multivariate analysis; = cut off points in years in parenthesis; q5y = 5-year increments; ns = not significant ( ); EFS = event-free survival; # = measure in parenthesis (s = significant; (s) = size and (v) = volume). |
