Schizophrenia Research and Treatment

Clinical Study

High Order Linguistic Features Such as Ambiguity Processing as Relevant Diagnostic Markers for Schizophrenia

Table 2

Correlation coefficients (patients ; controls ).


Spearman-Rho		Correlations ()
Spearman-Rho		Severity of illness	HOLF all	HOLF distractors	HOLF antonyms	HOLF homonyms	HOLF synonyms	HOLF hyperonyms	HOLF adages	CLANG	PANSS	Age	Number of hospitalisations

	Correlation coefficient	1.000	−.653**	−.540**	−.371*	−.539**	−.431**	−.438**	−.266	.447**	.447**	.475**	.508**
Severity of illness	Sig. (2 sides)	—	.000	.000	.018	.000	.006	.005	.097	.004	.004	.002	.001
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	−.653**	1.000	.826**	.483**	.814**	.792**	.670**	.401*	−.696**	−.743**	−.338*	−.128
HOLF all	Sig. (2 sides)	.000	—	.000	.002	.000	.000	.000	.010	.000	.000	.033	.431
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	−.540**	.826**	1.000	.378*	.488**	.762**	.703**	.300	−.598**	−.704**	−.241	−.101
HOLF distractors	Sig. (2 sides)	.000	.000	—	.016	.001	.000	.000	.060	.000	.000	.134	.534
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	−.371*	.483**	.378*	1.000	.348*	.397*	.370*	.421**	−.474**	−.373*	−.268	−.439**
HOLF antonyms	Sig. (2 sides)	.018	.002	.016	—	.028	.011	.019	.007	.002	.019	.094	.005
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40
	Correlation coefficient	−.539**	.814**	.488**	.348*	1.000	.517**	.255	.474**	−.446**	−.446**	−.343*	−.089
HOLF homonyms	Sig. (2 sides)	.000	.000	.001	.028	—	.001	.112	.002	.004	.004	.030	.586
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40
	Correlation coefficient	−.431**	.792**	.762**	.397*	.517**	1.000	.592**	.401*	−.614**	−.766**	−.131	−.096
HOLF synonyms	Sig. (2 sides)	.006	.000	.000	.011	.001	—	.000	.010	.000	.000	.419	.556
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	−.438**	.670**	.703**	.370*	.255	.592**	1.000	.198	−.674**	−.603**	−.166	−.090
HOLF hyperonyms	Sig. (2 sides)	.005	.000	.000	.019	.112	.000	—	.221	.000	.000	.305	.581
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	−.266	.401*	.300	.421**	.474**	.401*	.198	1.000	−.310	−.180	−.180	−.297
HOLF adages	Sig. (2 sides)	.097	.010	.060	.007	.002	.010	.221	—	.051	.273	.266	.063
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	.447**	−.696**	−.598**	−.474**	−.446**	−.614**	−.674**	−.310	1.000	.830**	295	.186
CLANG	Sig. (2 sides)	004	.000	.000	.002	.004	.000	.000	.051	—	.000	065	.251
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

	Correlation coefficient	.447**	−.743**	−.704**	−.373*	−.446**	−.766**	−.603**	−.180	.830**	1.000	.077	−.011
PANSS	Sig. (2 sides)	.004	.000	.000	.019	.004	.000	.000	.273	.000	—	.641	.948
		39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39	39

	Correlation coefficient	.475**	−.338*	−.241	−.268	−.343*	−.131	−.166	−.180	.295	.077	1.000	.395*
Age	Sig. (2 sides)	.002	.033	.134	.094	.030	.419	.305	.266	.065	.641	—	.012
		40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	39	40	40

The correlation is significant on a 0.01 niveau (2 sides).
The correlation is significant on a 0.05 niveau (2 sides).