Residual Negative Symptoms Differentiate Cognitive Performance in Clinically Stable Patients with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Table 2

Spearman’s correlation between clinical and demographic variables and performance on cognitive tests.

	Digit forward	Digit backward	Trail making A	Trail making B	Verbal fluency	Go-no go	ROCFT1	ROCFT2	PGIMS
Age	−0.164	−0.032	−0.313*	0.263	−0.247	−0.183	0.075	−0.187	0.191
Number of years in education	0.119	0.069	−0.045	−0.156	0.235	0.031	0.127	0.268	0.066
Duration of illness in years	−0.082	0.256	−0.079	0.096	−0.122	−0.132	0.123	−0.215	0.047
DDD	−0.362**	−0.186	0.146	0.433**	−0.245	−0.160	−0.016	−0.500**	0.483**
YMRS	0.137	0.191	−0.175	−0.151	0.154	0.169	−0.052	0.040	−0.056
HDRS	0.213	−0.010	0.244	−0.126	−0.186	−0.154	0.094	0.170	−0.300*
BPRS	−0.617**	−0.282*	0.172	0.575**	−0.478**	−0.298*	0.097	−0.589**	0.558**
SANS	−0.526**	−0.239	0.157	0.466**	−0.488**	−0.511**	0.120	−0.530**	0.526**
Total IDEAS	−0.374**	−0.416**	−0.048	0.131	−0.119	−0.331*	0.054	−0.117	0.434**

^∗𝑃<0.05; ^∗∗𝑃<0.01; DDD: defined daily dose of antipsychotics; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; HDRS: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; YMRS: Young Mania Rating Scale; SANS: Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms; IDEAS: Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale.