Evaluating DNA Methylation in Random Fine Needle Aspirates from the Breast to Inform Cancer Risk

Table 1

Median tumor CMI by selected patient characteristics.

	N = 20 (%)	Median CMI (25^th–75^th percentile)	value
Age at surgery, years
<50	11 (55)	111 (36–293)	0.10
≥50	9 (45)	309 (209–547)
Race
White	14 (70)	160 (67–408)	0.38
Black	2 (10)	433 (309–557)
Other	4 (20)	278 (145–348)
Menopause status
Premenopausal	11 (55)	111 (282–649)	0.31
Postmenopausal	8 (40)	301 (179–478)
Uncertain	1 (5)	414 (414–414)
BMI category
Normal (18.5–24.9 kg/m^2)	7 (35)	83 (36–282)	0.12
Overweight/obese (≥25 kg/m^2)	13 (65)	293 (111–414)
Smoking status
Never	11 (55)	111 (51–282)	0.16
Former	7 (35)	408 (83–604)
Current	2 (10)	420 (293–547)
No of comorbidities^‡
0	16 (80)	220 (59–353)	0.26
1 or more	4 (20)	359 (197–483)
1^st degree family history of breast/ovarian cancer
No	11 (55)	309 (111–547)	0.05
Yes	9 (45)	83 (36–230)
Histologic type
IDC	8 (40)	420 (179–581)	0.05
IDC and DCIS	12 (60)	160 (52–296)
Tumor size, cm
Median (IQR)	20 (100)	2.0 (1.7–2.3)	0.04
<2	8 (40)	75.5 (44–171)
≥2	12 (60)	301 (242–481)
TNM stage
T1N0	8 (40)	157 (44–284)	0.69
T1N1	3 (15)	111 (67–604)
T2N0	5 (25)	309 (282–408)
T2N1	4 (20)	312 (146–481)
Elston grade
1	5 (25)	83 (67–84)	0.06
2	9 (45)	274 (36–408)
3	6 (30)	362 (293–547)
Type of surgery
Lumpectomy	5 (25)	309 (84–408)	0.98
Unilateral mastectomy	6 (30)	193 (83–414)
Bilateral mastectomy	9 (45)	230 (67–293)
ER/PR status
ER-positive/PR-positive	15 (75)	209 (51–408)	0.49
ER-positive/PR-negative	4 (20)	394 (157–581)
ER-negative/PR-positive	0 (0)	—
ER-negative/PR-negative	1 (5)	293 (293–293)
HER2 receptor status
Positive	6 (30)	341 (230–547)	0.19
Negative	14 (70)	147 (51–309)
Ki67 expression, %
<10	7 (35)	83 (51–209)	<0.01
10–30	7 (35)	230 (23–309)
>30	6 (30)	552 (414–604)
Molecular subtype
Luminal A	9 (45)	67 (36–84)	<0.01
Luminal B	10 (50)	411 (274–557)
Triple negative	1 (5)	293 (293–293)

Based on Kruskal–Wallis test for categorical variables and Mann–Whitney test for continuous variables. ^‡Comorbidities include congestive heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. BMI, body mass index; CMI, cumulative methylation index; ER, estrogen receptor; HER2, human epidermal growth factor 2; IQR, interquartile range; PR, progesterone receptor; SD, standard deviation; TNM, tumor, node, and metastasis. Luminal A = ER/PR positive, HER2 negative, and Ki67 < 14. Luminal B = ER/PR positive, HER2 negative, and Ki67 ≥ 14 or ER/PR positive and HER2 positive.