An Early Morning Sputum Sample Is Necessary for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Even with More Sensitive Techniques: A Prospective Cohort Study among Adolescent TB-Suspects in Uganda
Table 1
Characteristics of the six patients with MTBC-positive smears and the 21 patients with MTBC-positive culture sputum sample type among adolescent TB suspects in rural Uganda ().
Characteristics
Smear positive*
Culture positive (MTBC)*
Spot n (%) of Total
EM n (%) of Total
Spot n (%) of Total
EM n (%) of Total
Total enrolled n (%) of Total
Total
3
6
9
15
1862
Sex
Male
1 (33.3)
4 (66.7)
4 (44.4)
7 (46.7)
1069 (57.4)
Female
2 (66.7)
2 (33.3)
5 (55.6)
8 (53.3)
793 (42.6)
Age ranges
12–14
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
5 (55.6)
1 (6.7)
805 (43.2)
15-16
3 (100)
4 (66.7)
4 (44.4)
8 (53.3)
543 (29.1)
17-18
0 (0.0)
1 (16.7)
0 (0.0)
7 (46.7)
514 (27.6)
Volume
≤5 mL
1 (33.3)
3 (50.0)
3 (33.3)
9 (60.0)
1226 (65.8)
>5 mL
2 (66.7)
3 (50.0)
6 (66.7)
6 (40.0)
636 (34.2)
Consistency
Salivary
2 (66.7)
3 (50.0)
4 (44.4)
7 (46.7)
872 (46.8)
Mucosalivary
1 (33.3)
3 (50.0)
3 (33.3)
2 (13.3)
350 (18.8)
Mucoid
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (11.1)
2 (13.3)
360 (19.3)
Mucopurulent
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (11.1)
3 (20.0)
213 (11.4)
Purulent
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
0 (0.0)
1 (6.7)
67 (3.6)
EM: Early morning, MTBC: mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, n: number, %: percentage; *The 3 smear positive on spot were also detected by the early morning sample, also 3 participants were positive on both spot and early morning sputum cultures.
